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Author Spotlight: Insights into Visual Cortex Research Through Wide-View fMRI Mapping
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Can visual cortex non-invasive brain stimulation improve normal visual function? A systematic review and

Umar M Bello1,2, Jingying Wang3, Adela S Y Park1

  • 1Centre for Eye and Vision Research, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.

Frontiers in Neuroscience
|March 20, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Non-invasive brain stimulation, specifically transcranial electrical stimulation (tES), significantly enhances contrast sensitivity and reduces visual crowding in individuals with normal vision. Further research is needed for transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and vision loss populations.

Keywords:
contrast sensitivitycrowdingmeta-analysesnon-invasive brain stimulationtranscranial direct current stimulationtranscranial electrical stimulationvisual evoked potentialsvisual function

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Ophthalmology
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques are increasingly explored to enhance visual functions.
  • Existing studies on visual cortex NIBS exhibit variability in methodology, sample size, and outcome measures.
  • A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to consolidate findings on NIBS for visual enhancement in normally sighted individuals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and meta-analyze the effects of non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) on visual functions in humans with normal vision.
  • To assess the efficacy of transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) on various visual parameters.
  • To identify gaps in the literature and guide future research directions.

Main Methods:

  • Adherence to PRISMA guidelines with a registered protocol (PROSPERO CRD42021255882).
  • Comprehensive literature search across multiple databases (Embase, Medline, PsychInfo, PubMed, OpenGrey, Web of Science) from January 2000 to September 2021.
  • Quantitative analysis using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) software, focusing on studies meeting pre-specified criteria.

Main Results:

  • Nineteen transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) studies met meta-analysis criteria; transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) studies were insufficient for meta-analysis.
  • tES demonstrated significant acute and aftereffects on contrast sensitivity (Hedges's g = 0.232 and 0.590, respectively).
  • tES and anodal-transcranial direct current stimulation (a-tDCS) significantly reduced visual crowding (Hedges's g = 0.563 and 0.655, respectively), and tES enhanced visual evoked potential (VEP) amplitudes (Hedges's g = 0.383).

Conclusions:

  • Transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) of the visual cortex significantly impacts contrast sensitivity, VEP amplitudes (indicating cortical excitability), and crowding in normally sighted individuals.
  • Meta-analysis of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) effects requires additional studies with robust designs.
  • Future research should focus on populations with vision loss, employing rigorous experimental designs to build upon these findings.