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Author Spotlight: Advancements in DNA Nanosensors – Addressing Sensitivity and Selectivity Challenges in Molecular Detection
Published on: February 9, 2024
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Nucleotide detection mechanism and comparison based on low-dimensional materials: A review
M Mustafa Azeem1, Muhammad Shafa2, Muhammad Aamir3
1Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, United States.
Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology
|March 20, 2023
Summary
New nucleic acid sensors utilize low-dimensional nanomaterials for highly sensitive detection. This review details various nucleotide sensors, their mechanisms, and detection limits, focusing on enhancing sensitivity and stability for future applications.
Area of Science:
- Biosensing and Nanotechnology
- Nucleic Acid Detection
- Advanced Sensor Development
Background:
- The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the need for rapid and sensitive nucleic acid sensors.
- Existing reviews often focus on specific applications (e.g., virus detection) rather than a comprehensive overview of nucleotide sensor technologies.
- Low-dimensional materials offer unique properties for ultrahigh detection limits and accuracy.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide a comprehensive summary of various nucleotide sensors, including their detection limits and mechanisms.
- To compare conventional and nanomaterial-based sensors, highlighting advancements in detection capabilities.
- To explore future prospects and trends in the fabrication and optimization of nucleotide nanosensors.
Main Methods:
- Review and synthesis of existing literature on nucleotide sensor technologies.
- Categorization of sensors into polymerase chain reaction, photospectrometric, optical (fluorescence, SPR, colorimetric, SERS), and electrical (ECL, microfluidic chip, FET) types.
- Analysis of sensing materials, mechanisms, detection limits, and ranges for each category.
Main Results:
- Detailed synopsis of sensing materials, mechanisms, and detection limits across different sensor types.
- Identification of key factors influencing sensor performance, including sensitivity, detection mechanism, and stability.
- Highlighting recent trends in atomic-scale simulations for Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sensor development using 2D materials.
Conclusions:
- Nanomaterial-based sensors, particularly those utilizing low-dimensional materials, show significant promise for ultrahigh detection of nucleotides.
- Optimization of sensor fabrication and material selection is crucial for improving sensitivity and stability.
- Further research is needed to address challenges and fully realize the potential of advanced nucleotide and DNA sensors.
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