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Updated: Aug 6, 2025

Author Spotlight: Unlocking the Mysteries of Oral Potential Malignancies
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Microbial Changes Associated With Oral Cavity Cancer Progression.

Kenneth Yan1, Samuel Auger2, Ashley Diaz3

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA.

Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery : Official Journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery
|March 20, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Oral squamous cell carcinoma is associated with significant changes in the oral microbiome, including a decrease in Streptococcus and an increase in other bacteria genera that correlate with tumor stage. These findings suggest oral cancer alters the oral environment, potentially serving as a marker for disease progression.

Keywords:
16S sequencingmicrobiomeoral cavity cancer

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Oncology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • The oral microbiome plays a crucial role in maintaining oral health.
  • Alterations in the oral microbiome have been linked to various diseases, including cancer.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the composition of the oral microbiome in patients with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).
  • To identify specific bacterial taxa associated with OSCC and its progression.

Main Methods:

  • Oral swabs were collected from OSCC patients and matched controls.
  • 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing was performed to analyze bacterial populations.
  • Sequence reads were classified into taxonomic units for comparative analysis.

Main Results:

  • A significant decrease in Streptococcus genera was observed in OSCC patients compared to controls.
  • Increases in Fusobacterium, Peptostreptococcus, Parvimonas, and Neisseria genera were identified in OSCC patients.
  • The abundance of these increased bacteria genera correlated with the tumor T-stage.

Conclusions:

  • 16S rRNA sequencing reveals distinct oral bacterial population changes in OSCC.
  • The study suggests that OSCC creates an environment favoring specific bacterial growth, rather than a single species driving carcinogenesis.
  • These identified bacteria may serve as potential biomarkers for tumor progression or targets for understanding the tumor microenvironment.