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Related Concept Videos

Prevention of Further Absorption of Poison01:14

Prevention of Further Absorption of Poison

882
In cases of acute poisoning, the primary objective is to prevent further absorption of the toxic substance into the body. Immediate interventions using various decontamination techniques targeting the gastrointestinal (GI) tract can achieve this. Decontamination is crucial to prevent poison from entering the systemic circulation, which involves washing affected areas with water and mild soap and removing contaminated clothing. Once external decontamination is done, attention must be turned to...
882
Anticholinesterase Agents: Poisoning and Treatment01:26

Anticholinesterase Agents: Poisoning and Treatment

953
Anticholinesterases, also known as cholinesterase inhibitors, work by blocking the breakdown of acetylcholine, leading to its accumulation in the synaptic cleft. This accumulation indirectly enhances both muscarinic and nicotinic actions. These agents are classified as reversible or irreversible based on their mechanism of action.     
Irreversible agents form a strong bond with the cholinesterase enzyme, making it inactive. The breakdown of the phosphorylated enzyme is...
953
Toxic Reactions: Overview01:26

Toxic Reactions: Overview

1.0K
When toxic substances penetrate the human body, they disseminate to various tissues, undergoing metabolic changes. This process yields reactive metabolites that may covalently bind with specific target molecules, resulting in toxicity.
Toxicity falls into two primary categories: local and systemic.
Local toxicity appears at the exposure site, such as protein denaturation caused by caustic substances.
In contrast, systemic toxicity requires the toxic agent's absorption and distribution,...
1.0K
Acute Respiratory Failure-IV01:23

Acute Respiratory Failure-IV

185
Respiratory failure can manifest suddenly or gradually, characterized by a rapid decline in PaO2 and a rapid rise in PaCO2. This situation indicates a severe respiratory problem that may quickly become a life-threatening emergency. One of the early signs of hypoxemic Acute Respiratory Failure (ARF) is a change in mental status due to the brain's sensitivity to oxygen levels and changes in acid-base balance. Symptoms such as restlessness, confusion, and agitation suggest inadequate oxygen...
185
Acute Respiratory Failure-I01:21

Acute Respiratory Failure-I

265
Acute respiratory failure is a condition characterized by the inability of the lungs to perform their primary function: gas exchange. This failure leads to insufficient oxygen levels (hypoxemia) in the blood, elevated carbon dioxide levels (hypercapnia), or both, causing critical impairment in organ function.
Definition: It is defined by specific criteria based on blood gas measurements. Hypoxemia happens when the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) falls below 60 mmHg. At the same time,...
265
Acute Respiratory Failure-V01:29

Acute Respiratory Failure-V

174
The treatment for acute respiratory failure varies based on factors like the underlying cause, overall health, and severity. A collaborative healthcare team is essential for early detection, often through arterial blood gas analysis. Identifying the cause is the primary goal, with treatment strategies adjusted for ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) mismatch, shunting, or diffusion impairment.
Ensure that patients are monitored continuously for their response to therapy, including changes in...
174

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 6, 2025

Veno-Venous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in a Mouse
06:41

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Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Intoxication and Overdoses: A Systematic Review.

Sven Maier1,2, Lisa Rösner1,2, Lars Saemann3

  • 1Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany.

The Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgeon
|March 20, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is effective for severe poisoning cases. This review found high survival rates for patients treated with ECMO for intoxication and cardiac arrest.

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Area of Science:

  • Critical Care Medicine
  • Toxicology
  • Cardiovascular Medicine

Background:

  • Acute intoxication can lead to severe cardiogenic shock or cardiac arrest.
  • Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is increasingly used for critical conditions like lung failure and cardiac arrest.

Approach:

  • A qualitative systematic review was conducted.
  • Searched PubMed, Medline, and Web of Science databases (1971-2021).
  • Analyzed 145 articles involving 539 patients treated for intoxication.

Key Points:

  • ECMO use in intoxication and poisoning was systematically evaluated.
  • Included venovenous (vv) ECMO, venoarterial (va) ECMO, and extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR).
  • Overall survival at hospital discharge was 61.0%.

Conclusions:

  • ECMO demonstrates a high survival rate for both adult and pediatric patients with intoxication.
  • vaECMO showed 68.8% survival, vvECMO 75%, and ECPR 50.9%.
  • ECMO is a valid therapeutic option for managing severe poisoning cases.