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Association Between Racial Segregation and COVID-19 Vaccination Rates.

Karen Swietek¹, Kan Z Gianattasio, Shalanda Henderson

¹NORC at the University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois (Drs Swietek, Gianattasio, and Freij, Ms Henderson, Khanna, and Ubri); National Center for Primary Care (Drs Douglas, Baltrus, Mack, and Gaglioti), Department of Community Health and Preventive Medicine (Drs Douglas and Baltrus), and Department of Family Medicine (Dr Mack), Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; and Population Health Research Institute and Center for Community Health Integration, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio (Dr Gaglioti).

Journal of Public Health Management and Practice : JPHMP

|March 21, 2023

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Residential segregation was positively associated with higher COVID-19 vaccination rates, though this effect lessened with sociodemographic adjustments. The relationship varied based on the proportion of Black residents in a county.

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Area of Science:

Public Health
Sociology
Epidemiology

Background:

Residential segregation, particularly Black-White segregation, is a significant social determinant of health.
Understanding the impact of segregation on public health interventions like vaccination is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the association between county-level Black-White residential segregation and COVID-19 vaccination rates.
To explore how sociodemographic factors and the proportion of Black residents modify this association.

Main Methods:

An observational, cross-sectional study was conducted using national county-level data.
Multivariable generalized linear models with state fixed effects were employed.
The study estimated the average marginal effects of segregation on vaccination rates.

Main Results:

A positive association was observed between residential segregation and the proportion of fully vaccinated individuals.
This association showed a 6.8 to 12.8 percentage point increase in vaccination rates over time.
Sociodemographic adjustments attenuated the effects, and the association reversed in areas with high Black populations.

Conclusions:

Methodological choices significantly impact the understanding of COVID-19 vaccination disparities.
Considering mediating, moderating, and interaction effects, especially racial group distributions, is vital for accurate analysis.
Findings can inform targeted vaccine distribution and outreach policies.