Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Feedback control systems01:26

Feedback control systems

361
Feedback control systems are categorized in various ways based on their design, analysis, and signal types.
Linear feedback systems are theoretical models that simplify analysis and design. These systems operate under the principle that their output is directly proportional to their input within certain ranges. For instance, an amplifier in a control system behaves linearly as long as the input signal remains within a specific range. However, most physical systems exhibit inherent nonlinearity...
361
Time-Domain Interpretation of PD Control01:07

Time-Domain Interpretation of PD Control

154
Proportional-Derivative (PD) control is a widely used control method in various engineering systems to enhance stability and performance. In a system with only proportional control, common issues include high maximum overshoot and oscillation, observed in both the error signal and its rate of change. This behavior can be divided into three distinct phases: initial overshoot, subsequent undershoot, and gradual stabilization.
Consider the example of control of motor torque. Initially, a positive...
154
Controller Configurations01:22

Controller Configurations

129
Controller configurations are crucial in a car's cruise control system because they manage speed over time to maintain a consistent pace regardless of road conditions, thereby meeting design goals. In traditional control systems, fixed-configuration design involves predetermined controller placement. System performance modifications are known as compensation.
Control-system compensation involves various configurations, most commonly series or cascade compensation, in which the controller...
129
PD Controller: Design01:26

PD Controller: Design

306
In automotive engineering, car suspension systems often employ Proportional Derivative (PD) controllers to enhance performance. PD controllers are utilized to adjust the damping force in response to road conditions. A controller, acting as an amplifier with a constant gain, demonstrates proportional control, with output directly mirroring input.
Designing a continuous-data controller requires selecting and linking components like adders and integrators, which are fundamental in Proportional,...
306
Linear Approximation in Time Domain01:21

Linear Approximation in Time Domain

111
Nonlinear systems often require sophisticated approaches for accurate modeling and analysis, with state-space representation being particularly effective. This method is especially useful for systems where variables and parameters vary with time or operating conditions, such as in a simple pendulum or a translational mechanical system with nonlinear springs.
For a simple pendulum with a mass evenly distributed along its length and the center of mass located at half the pendulum's length,...
111
Open and closed-loop control systems01:17

Open and closed-loop control systems

856
Control systems are foundational elements in automation and engineering. They are broadly categorized into open-loop and closed-loop systems. These classifications hinge on the presence or absence of feedback mechanisms, significantly influencing the system's performance, complexity, and application.
An open-loop control system operates without feedback from the output. It consists of two primary elements: the controller and the controlled process. The controller receives an input signal...
856

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Center of Mass (CoM) Motions and Foot Placement During Treadmill Walking Using One Time-of-Flight Camera.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2025
Same author

A switched optimal control strategy in human balancing on a harmonically moving platform.

Journal of biomechanics·2025
Same author

Adjoint sensitivity method for parameter estimation: applications to inverted pendulum and human standing balance.

Journal of the Royal Society, Interface·2025
Same author

Human performance in virtual stabilization of a fractional-order system with reaction delay.

Journal of the Royal Society, Interface·2024
Same author

Pole balancing on the fingertip: model-motivated machine learning forecasting of falls.

Frontiers in physiology·2024
Same author

Predictor feedback models for stick balancing with delay mismatch and sensory dead zones.

Chaos (Woodbury, N.Y.)·2022
Same journal

Harmonic memory in phasor neural networks.

Biological cybernetics·2026
Same journal

Correction: Decreased spinal inhibition leads to undiversified locomotor patterns.

Biological cybernetics·2026
Same journal

Foundational issues of network models in biology.

Biological cybernetics·2026
Same journal

Dynamical mechanisms for coordinating long-term working memory based on the precision of spike-timing in cortical neurons.

Biological cybernetics·2026
Same journal

Distinct dopaminergic spike-timing-dependent plasticity rules are suited to different functional roles.

Biological cybernetics·2026
Same journal

Fluctuation-response relations for a two-stage population of spiking neurons stimulated by common noise.

Biological cybernetics·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 6, 2025

Gain-compensation Methodology for a Sinusoidal Scan of a Galvanometer Mirror in Proportional-Integral-Differential Control Using Pre-emphasis Techniques
09:01

Gain-compensation Methodology for a Sinusoidal Scan of a Galvanometer Mirror in Proportional-Integral-Differential Control Using Pre-emphasis Techniques

Published on: April 4, 2017

8.7K

Controlling stick balancing on a linear track: Delayed state feedback or delay-compensating predictor feedback?

Dalma J Nagy1, John G Milton2, Tamas Insperger3,4

  • 1Department of Applied Mechanics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary.

Biological Cybernetics
|March 21, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Human stick balancing relies on delayed state feedback (DSF) control, not complex predictor feedback. Experienced balancers use less energy and have a lower angular velocity perception threshold.

Keywords:
Certainty thresholdDelayed feedbackHuman balancingReaction delayStabilometry

More Related Videos

WheelCon: A Wheel Control-Based Gaming Platform for Studying Human Sensorimotor Control
08:18

WheelCon: A Wheel Control-Based Gaming Platform for Studying Human Sensorimotor Control

Published on: August 15, 2020

5.0K
An Experimental Platform to Study the Closed-loop Performance of Brain-machine Interfaces
10:51

An Experimental Platform to Study the Closed-loop Performance of Brain-machine Interfaces

Published on: March 10, 2011

13.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 6, 2025

Gain-compensation Methodology for a Sinusoidal Scan of a Galvanometer Mirror in Proportional-Integral-Differential Control Using Pre-emphasis Techniques
09:01

Gain-compensation Methodology for a Sinusoidal Scan of a Galvanometer Mirror in Proportional-Integral-Differential Control Using Pre-emphasis Techniques

Published on: April 4, 2017

8.7K
WheelCon: A Wheel Control-Based Gaming Platform for Studying Human Sensorimotor Control
08:18

WheelCon: A Wheel Control-Based Gaming Platform for Studying Human Sensorimotor Control

Published on: August 15, 2020

5.0K
An Experimental Platform to Study the Closed-loop Performance of Brain-machine Interfaces
10:51

An Experimental Platform to Study the Closed-loop Performance of Brain-machine Interfaces

Published on: March 10, 2011

13.8K

Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Human Motor Control
  • Robotics

Background:

  • Stabilometry parameters (SP) assess human postural sway stability.
  • Human balancing can be modeled as a pendulum-cart system.
  • Investigating control strategies for planar stick balancing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare delayed state feedback (DSF) and predictor feedback (PF) control models for stick balancing.
  • To analyze the control strategies of novice (OD) and experienced (MD) stick balancers.
  • To determine the necessity of delay-compensating strategies in human balancing.

Main Methods:

  • Numerical simulations of pendulum-cart system with DSF and PF control models.
  • Quantitative comparison of measured and simulated time histories using a cost function based on SPs.
  • Analysis of energy expenditure and perception thresholds for angular velocity.

Main Results:

  • The delayed state feedback (DSF) model better describes the control strategy for both novice (OD) and experienced (MD) subjects.
  • Experienced (MD) subjects demonstrated superior control, using less energy for cart position and having a lower angular velocity perception threshold.
  • The findings suggest that complex delay-compensating predictor feedback (PF) is not essential when sensory information is abundant.

Conclusions:

  • Human stick balancing primarily utilizes a delayed state feedback (DSF) control mechanism.
  • Experience enhances balancing efficiency through reduced energy use and improved sensory perception.
  • Predictor feedback strategies are unnecessary for effective balancing when sensory input is readily available.