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Related Concept Videos

Adherens Junctions01:24

Adherens Junctions

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Strong contact points between adjacent cells anchor them to each other, forming tissues. Such anchoring junctions are of two types –  adherens junctions and desmosomes. Adherens junctions are abundant in tissues such as  epithelium and endothelium, forming a continuous zone of adhesion called the adhesion belt. In other tissues, such as  heart muscle, they appear as clusters, linking the cells to produce coordinated heart muscle contraction.
Adherens Junctions are Dynamic
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Microvilli00:55

Microvilli

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Microvilli are tiny finger-like projections found on the surface of certain cells. Their purpose is to increase the surface area of the cell's apical surface, resulting in more effective absorption or secretion of substances.
These microvilli are predominantly present in cells lining the small intestine, kidney tubules, and certain cells in the respiratory and reproductive systems. By significantly expanding the surface area of the cell membrane, microvilli enhance the cell's capacity...
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Anchoring Junctions01:03

Anchoring Junctions

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Anchoring junctions are multiprotein complexes that help cells connect to other cells and the extracellular matrix. Anchoring junctions are present on the lateral and basal surfaces of cells, providing strong and flexible connections. Focal adhesions are often formed due to cell interactions with the ECM substrata, which initiate signal transduction via kinase cascades and other mechanisms. Together, they provide stability and tissue integrity. There are three types of anchoring junctions:...
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Intracellular Signaling Affects Focal Adhesions01:17

Intracellular Signaling Affects Focal Adhesions

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Integrins act both as extracellular input receivers and as intracellular processing activators. As their name suggests, integrins are entirely integrated into the membrane structure. Their hydrophobic membrane-spanning regions interact with the phospholipid bilayer's hydrophobic region. These membrane receptors provide extracellular attachment sites for effectors like hormones and growth factors. They activate intracellular response cascades when their effectors are bound and active.
Some...
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Tension Response at Adherens Junctions01:26

Tension Response at Adherens Junctions

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The adherens junctions that anchor cells together are multi-protein complexes that dynamically adapt to mechanical stimuli such as tensile forces and shear stress. Mechanosensory proteins in these junctions can sense such mechanical stimuli and undergo a shift in their conformation, resulting in an altered function — a process called mechanotransduction.
α-Catenin as a Mechanosensory Protein
The α-catenin of adherens junctions is an allosteric protein with three VH (vinculin...
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Tight Junctions01:29

Tight Junctions

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Tight junctions are molecular seals between cells that prevent the leaking of fluids, ions, and other small solutes across cavities and compartments in multicellular organisms. They are mainly composed of claudin and occludin transmembrane proteins, and other proteins such as tricellulin and JAM (junctional adhesion molecule). All these proteins are 4-pass transmembrane proteins, except JAM, which is a single-pass transmembrane protein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily. The...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 6, 2025

Analyzing Cell Surface Adhesion Remodeling in Response to Mechanical Tension Using Magnetic Beads
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Analyzing Cell Surface Adhesion Remodeling in Response to Mechanical Tension Using Magnetic Beads

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Adhesion-based capture stabilizes nascent microvilli at epithelial cell junctions.

Caroline S Cencer, Jennifer B Silverman, Leslie M Meenderink

    Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology
    |March 22, 2023
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Newly forming microvilli are stabilized at cell edges by transjunctional adhesion complexes, promoting brush border formation in epithelial cells. This capture mechanism drives microvilli accumulation and maturation.

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    SNARE-mediated Fusion of Single Proteoliposomes with Tethered Supported Bilayers in a Microfluidic Flow Cell Monitored by Polarized TIRF Microscopy
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    Area of Science:

    • Cell biology
    • Epithelial biology
    • Biophysics

    Background:

    • Differentiated epithelial cells form a brush border of microvilli for transport.
    • Intermicrovillar adhesion complexes (IMACs), involving CDHR2 and CDHR5, link neighboring microvilli.
    • The precise role of IMACs in stabilizing nascent microvilli is not fully understood.

    Approach:

    • Investigated microvilli dynamics and organization during epithelial differentiation using live imaging.
    • Analyzed the stability and function of IMACs, particularly transjunctional complexes, using Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching (FRAP).
    • Examined the spatial and temporal relationship between marginal and medial microvilli accumulation.

    Key Points:

    • Nascent microvilli exhibit higher density and constrained motion at cell margins compared to medial regions.
    • Transjunctional IMACs, formed between neighboring cells' microvilli, are highly stable and restrict motion.
    • Marginal microvilli stabilization via transjunctional IMACs precedes and drives medial microvilli accumulation.

    Conclusions:

    • A novel capture mechanism at cell margins, mediated by transjunctional IMACs, stabilizes nascent microvilli.
    • This stabilization is crucial for the ordered assembly and maturation of the epithelial brush border.
    • Findings provide insights into the biogenesis of apical specializations in various epithelial systems.