Expanded targeted screening for congenital cytomegalovirus infection

Area of Science:

• Neonatology
• Virology
• Public Health

Background:

• Early diagnosis and intervention for congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection are crucial for reducing long-term infant disability.
• Universal neonatal screening for congenital CMV is controversial globally.
• A targeted screening protocol based on perinatal conditions offers a potential alternative.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the outcome of a targeted screening protocol for congenital CMV infection.
• To compare the positive rate of this protocol with existing studies.
• To discuss the validity of the targeted screening criteria.

Main Methods:

• A total of 2121 newborns were screened between October 2018 and October 2021.
• Urine samples were tested for CMV DNA using isothermal nucleic acid amplification.
• Screening criteria included microcephaly, abnormal ultrasound findings, failed hearing screening, suspected maternal CMV infection, and other suggestive signs.

Main Results:

• 102 newborns (4.8%) met the criteria for targeted CMV DNA testing.
• Three newborns tested positive for CMV DNA.
• The CMV DNA-positive rate was 0.14% overall and 2.9% among targeted newborns.

Conclusions:

• The targeted screening protocol is a feasible method for diagnosing congenital CMV infection.
• This protocol can identify infections that may be asymptomatic or have subtle initial manifestations.
• The protocol's effectiveness in detecting all congenital CMV cases requires further consideration.