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Related Concept Videos

Phase Changes01:19

Phase Changes

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Phase transitions play an important theoretical and practical role in the study of heat flow. In melting or fusion, a solid turns into a liquid; the opposite process is freezing. In evaporation, a liquid turns into a gas; the opposite process is condensation.
A substance melts or freezes at a temperature called its melting point and boils or condenses at its boiling point. These temperatures depend on pressure. High pressure favors the denser form of the substance, so typically, high pressure...
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The expansion of alcohol in a thermometer is one of many commonly encountered examples of thermal expansion, which is the change in size or volume of a given system as its temperature changes. The most visible example is the expansion of hot air. When air is heated, it expands and becomes less dense than the surrounding air, which then exerts an upward force on the hot air to, for example, make steam and smoke rise, and hot air balloons float. The same behavior happens in all liquids and gases,...
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Thermal Sigmatropic Reactions: Overview01:16

Thermal Sigmatropic Reactions: Overview

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Sigmatropic rearrangements are a class of pericyclic reactions in which a σ bond migrates from one part of a π system to another. These are intramolecular rearrangements where the total number of σ and π bonds remain unchanged.
Sigmatropic shifts are classified based on an order term [i, j ], where i and j indicate the number of atoms across which each end of the σ bond migrates. Below are examples of a [3,3] sigmatropic shift in...
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Thermal expansion and Thermal stress: Problem Solving01:27

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San Francisco's Golden Gate Bridge is exposed to temperatures ranging from -15 °C to 40 °C. At its coldest, the main span of the bridge is 1275 m long. Assuming that the bridge is made entirely of steel, what is the change in its length between these temperatures?
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Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to...
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States of Matter and Phase Changes00:59

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The internal energy of a substance—the total kinetic energy of all its molecules and the potential energy of their associated forces—depends on the strength of the intermolecular forces in the condensed phases and the pressure exerted on the substance. The internal energy of a substance is the highest in the gaseous state, the lowest in the solid state, and intermediate in the liquid state. Phase transitions are caused by changes in physical conditions, such as temperature and...
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Phase Change Thermal Storage Materials for Interdisciplinary Applications.

Ge Wang1, Zhaodi Tang1, Yan Gao1

  • 1Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Function Materials for Molecule & Structure Construction, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.

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|March 22, 2023
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Functional phase change materials (PCMs) store and release thermal energy for diverse applications. This review highlights advances and future prospects in interdisciplinary PCM research, focusing on acoustic, mechanical, and catalytic fields.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Thermodynamics
  • Interdisciplinary Applications

Background:

  • Phase Change Materials (PCMs) offer reversible thermal energy storage.
  • Integrating PCMs with functional materials unlocks novel applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review PCM mechanisms (storage, transfer, conversion).
  • To summarize state-of-the-art interdisciplinary PCM applications.
  • To highlight emerging areas like acoustic, mechanical, and catalytic uses.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of current research.
  • Analysis of structure-property relationships in composite PCMs.
  • Discussion of challenges and future directions.

Main Results:

  • PCMs are crucial for thermal energy management.
  • Composite PCMs exhibit tunable thermophysical properties.
  • Significant potential exists in underdeveloped application areas.

Conclusions:

  • Advanced multifunctional PCMs are key for future breakthroughs.
  • Interdisciplinary research is vital for both fundamental understanding and commercialization.
  • Further exploration of PCMs in acoustics, mechanics, and catalysis is recommended.