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Enhancing a SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid antigen test sensitivity with cost efficient strategy through a cotton

Diego Rinaldi Pavesi Nicollete1, Rafael Benedetti2, Beatriz Arruda Valença2

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Researchers developed a novel lateral flow intermembrane immunoassay test (LFIIT) for rapid SARS-CoV-2 detection. This enhanced sensitivity test accurately identifies the nucleocapsid protein, aiding in early COVID-19 diagnosis and control.

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Immunodiagnostics
  • Infectious Disease Research

Background:

  • Lateral flow antigen tests were crucial during the COVID-19 pandemic for rapid diagnostics and infection control.
  • Satisfactory test sensitivity is essential to accurately detect the target protein and prevent false negatives.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a highly sensitive lateral flow test capable of detecting SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein at low concentrations.
  • To create a rapid diagnostic prototype comparable to existing market tests' limits of detection.

Main Methods:

  • Optimized prototype development by adjusting test line antibody concentration.
  • Introduced an intermembrane layer between the conjugate pad and nitrocellulose membrane.
  • Evaluated the limit of detection for the novel test prototype.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a four-fold increase in test sensitivity through proposed modifications.
  • Developed a new prototype named "lateral flow intermembrane immunoassay test" (LFIIT).
  • Established an adequate limit of detection of 2.0 ng/mL for the LFIIT.

Conclusions:

  • The LFIIT prototype demonstrates high sensitivity for detecting SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein.
  • The developed test maintains affordability and manufacturing simplicity.
  • This advancement offers a promising tool for rapid and reliable COVID-19 screening.