Role of decentralised governance in implementing the National AIDS Control Programme in Kerala

In alignment with the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), Kerala State in India aims to end the HIV/AIDS epidemic, using its strong background in local governance to implement the National AIDS Control Programme (NACP).

To examine the role of local governments in the implementation of NACP in tune with SDGs.

We conducted a state-wide exploratory study using document reviews, key informant and in-depth interviews, which were analysed thematically.

Four overarching themes that emerged were 1) preparation for programme implementation, 2) positive impact of local government involvement, 3) convergence with other organisations, and 4) barriers to implementation. Local government commitment to implementing the programme was evidenced by their adoption of the HIV/AIDS policy, facilitative interdepartmental coordination and local innovations. Interventions focused on improving awareness about the disease and treatment, and social, financial and rehabilitative support, which were extended even during the COVID-19 pandemic. Fund shortages and poor visibility of the beneficiaries due to preference for anonymity were challenges to achieving the expected outcomes.

The NACP is ably supported by local governments in its designated domains of interventions, prevention, treatment, and care and support. The programme can achieve its target to end the AIDS epidemic by overcoming the stigma factor, which still prevents potential beneficiaries from accessing care.