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Design Example: Aggregate Gradation01:24

Design Example: Aggregate Gradation

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The right type and quality of aggregates are crucial for concrete as they significantly influence its properties, mix proportions, and cost-effectiveness. If different sources are available for sand, the commonly used fine aggregate in concrete, the selection of sand is primarily based on its gradation.
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Fineness Modulus01:19

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The fineness modulus (FM) of aggregate is a numerical index that measures the coarseness or fineness of the particles. It is calculated by adding the cumulative percentages of aggregate retained on each of a specified series of sieves and dividing the sum by 100.
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Deleterious Substances in Aggregate01:25

Deleterious Substances in Aggregate

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Deleterious substances in aggregates can be detrimental to the quality and durability of concrete. These substances include organic impurities like loam, which interfere with cement hydration and are usually present in the sand. These prevent a good bond between aggregate and cement paste. Organic impurities can be detected using the colorimetric test, where the darkness of a solution after agitation indicates the level of organic content.
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Sieve analysis is a method used to determine the particle size distribution of aggregate materials. This process involves the following steps:
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Specific Gravity of Aggregate01:19

Specific Gravity of Aggregate

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Aggregates typically contain pores, which can be either permeable or impermeable. Considering the pores in the aggregates, the specific gravity of aggregates is defined in three different forms, namely, bulk or gross specific gravity, apparent specific gravity, and absolute specific gravity.
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Extraction of Organochlorine Pesticides from Plastic Pellets and Plastic Type Analysis
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A scientometric analysis approach on the plastic sand.

Bawar Iftikhar1, Sophia C Alih2, Mohammadreza Vafaei1

  • 1School of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.

Heliyon
|March 23, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study used scientometric analysis to map the research landscape of plastic sand. It identified key authors, publications, and research areas to foster collaboration and idea exchange in this field.

Keywords:
Plastic wasteSandScientometric analysisSustainable materialWaste managementWaste material

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Environmental Science
  • Civil Engineering

Background:

  • Conventional literature reviews have limitations in comprehensively linking research.
  • Advanced bibliometric methods like co-occurrence, science mapping, and co-citation analysis offer deeper insights.
  • Understanding the research landscape of plastic sand is crucial for its advancement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a scientometric evaluation of the literature on plastic sand.
  • To identify influential researchers, leading publications, and active research domains.
  • To analyze keyword co-occurrences for a comprehensive overview of plastic sand research.

Main Methods:

  • Bibliometric data from 4512 publications were extracted from the Scopus database (2021-June 2022).
  • VOSviewer (version 1.6.18) was utilized for scientometric analysis.
  • Analysis included identifying top authors, sources, domains, and keyword co-occurrences.

Main Results:

  • Identification of highly cited authors and prolific publication sources in plastic sand research.
  • Mapping of active research domains and emerging trends within the field.
  • Analysis of keyword co-occurrence networks revealing key research themes and interconnections.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides a statistical and graphical overview of global contributions to plastic sand research.
  • Findings facilitate the identification of potential collaborators and emerging research frontiers.
  • This scientometric evaluation supports the exchange of novel techniques and ideas among researchers in the field.