Immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced autoimmune encephalitis in metastatic squamous cell lung cancer

Because of their efficacy in improving prognosis, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are widely used in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer. However, approximately half of patients experience immune-related adverse events, including autoimmune encephalitis, during treatment. Herein the authors present a case of ICI-associated autoimmune encephalitis, resulted in a favorable prognosis after treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin and methylprednisolone. The authors also review the literature regarding ICI-associated autoimmune encephalitis and summarize the clinical features, treatment strategies and prognostic outcomes in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer. The present case suggested that early detection of autoimmune encephalitis might be significant for the management of severe adverse events in patients exposed to ICIs.