Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Methods of Classification and Identification01:28

Methods of Classification and Identification

70
Bacterial identification relies on a diverse array of techniques to classify and understand microorganisms, each tailored to uncover specific characteristics. Traditional morphological approaches, while still valuable, are limited for closely related or structurally simple organisms. Modern methods integrate biochemical, serological, genetic, and advanced molecular tools to achieve greater accuracy.Morphological and Biochemical TechniquesMorphological characteristics, such as cell shape and...
70
Microbial Classification System01:24

Microbial Classification System

59
Classification is the process of organizing organisms into hierarchically inclusive groups based on their phenotypic similarities or evolutionary relationships. A species comprises one or more strains, and closely related species are grouped into genera. Genera are further classified into families, families into orders, orders into classes, and so forth, up to the domain level, which is the broadest taxonomic rank derived from a combination of phenotypic and genotypic data.The nomenclature of...
59
Adrenergic Antagonists: Chemistry and Classification of β-Receptor Blockers01:25

Adrenergic Antagonists: Chemistry and Classification of β-Receptor Blockers

689
β-adrenergic antagonists, or β-blockers, modulate the sympathetic nervous system by targeting β-adrenoceptors and inhibiting catecholamine-mediated sympathetic responses. β-blockers differ in their adrenoceptor subtype affinity, lipophilicity, and α-blocking capabilities. The history of β-blocker development began with the prototype, dichloroisoprenaline, which exhibited partial agonist activity. As a result, propranolol was developed as a pure antagonist but...
689
Modern Molecular Taxonomy01:29

Modern Molecular Taxonomy

60
Advancements in molecular biology have revolutionized the identification and characterization of bacteria, with multiple methods leveraging DNA sequencing for enhanced precision. As sequencing technologies improve and costs decline, these approaches are increasingly used in clinical, environmental, and evolutionary studies.Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) examines several housekeeping genes, essential chromosomal genes encoding cellular functions, to distinguish strains. Approximately...
60
Introduction to Enzymes01:22

Introduction to Enzymes

18.9K
The use of enzymes by humans dates to 7000 BCE. Humans first used enzymes to ferment sugars and produce alcohol without knowing that this was an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. Wilhelm Kuhne coined the term 'enzyme' in 1877 from the Greek words ‘en’ meaning ‘in’ or ‘within’ and ‘zyme’ meaning ‘yeast.’
Most enzymes are proteins that speed up biochemical reactions without being consumed. Enzymes contain one or more active sites that...
18.9K
Allosteric Proteins-ATCase01:19

Allosteric Proteins-ATCase

5.8K
Binding sites linkages can regulate a protein's function.  For example, enzyme activity is often regulated through a feedback mechanism where the end product of the biochemical process serves as an inhibitor.
Aspartate transcarbamoylase (ATCase) is a cytosolic enzyme that catalyzes the condensation of L-aspartate and carbamoyl phosphate to  N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate. This reaction is the first step in pyrimidine biosynthesis. UTP and CTP, the end products of the pyrimidine synthesis...
5.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Standardized numbering and alignment of the KPC family of β-lactamases.

Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy·2026
Same author

SAND: a comprehensive annotation of class D β-lactamases using structural alignment-based numbering.

Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy·2025
Same author

A Tribute to George A. Jacoby.

Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy·2022
Same author

Consensus on β-Lactamase Nomenclature.

Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy·2022
Same author

Success and Challenges Associated with Large-Scale Collaborative Surveillance for Carbapenemase Genes in Gram-Negative Bacteria.

Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy·2021
Same author

Critical analysis of antibacterial agents in clinical development.

Nature reviews. Microbiology·2020
Same journal

Study of prescription-indication of antivirals for herpesviruses in a Colombian population: a cross-sectional study.

Expert review of anti-infective therapy·2026
Same journal

Effectiveness and safety of eravacycline-based regimens for resistant <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Expert review of anti-infective therapy·2026
Same journal

<i>Pneumocystis</i> pneumonia in non-HIV immunocompromised patients in 2026: evolving therapeutic standards.

Expert review of anti-infective therapy·2026
Same journal

Asymptomatic is not silent: proposal of HTLV-1-associated multiple inflammatory disease as an early neuroinflammatory state.

Expert review of anti-infective therapy·2026
Same journal

The endocarditis team: a review.

Expert review of anti-infective therapy·2026
Same journal

Synergistic antifungal effects and potential mode of action of crisaborole combined with azoles against drug-resistant <i>Candida albicans</i>.

Expert review of anti-infective therapy·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 6, 2025

The Use of a &#946;-lactamase-based Conductimetric Biosensor Assay to Detect Biomolecular Interactions
08:06

The Use of a β-lactamase-based Conductimetric Biosensor Assay to Detect Biomolecular Interactions

Published on: February 1, 2018

9.1K

Classification for β-lactamases: historical perspectives.

Karen Bush1

  • 1Professor of Practice Emerita, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA.

Expert Review of Anti-Infective Therapy
|March 23, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Beta-lactamase nomenclature is evolving due to enzyme diversity. Current systems incorporate functional and structural features, with the NCBI overseeing naming conventions for these antibiotic resistance enzymes.

Keywords:
Antibioticsfunctionnomenclatureresistancestructureβ-lactamase

More Related Videos

Testing the Role of Multicopy Plasmids in the Evolution of Antibiotic Resistance
09:00

Testing the Role of Multicopy Plasmids in the Evolution of Antibiotic Resistance

Published on: May 2, 2018

11.8K
A Protocol for Functional Assessment of Whole-Protein Saturation Mutagenesis Libraries Utilizing High-Throughput Sequencing
11:36

A Protocol for Functional Assessment of Whole-Protein Saturation Mutagenesis Libraries Utilizing High-Throughput Sequencing

Published on: July 3, 2016

10.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 6, 2025

The Use of a &#946;-lactamase-based Conductimetric Biosensor Assay to Detect Biomolecular Interactions
08:06

The Use of a β-lactamase-based Conductimetric Biosensor Assay to Detect Biomolecular Interactions

Published on: February 1, 2018

9.1K
Testing the Role of Multicopy Plasmids in the Evolution of Antibiotic Resistance
09:00

Testing the Role of Multicopy Plasmids in the Evolution of Antibiotic Resistance

Published on: May 2, 2018

11.8K
A Protocol for Functional Assessment of Whole-Protein Saturation Mutagenesis Libraries Utilizing High-Throughput Sequencing
11:36

A Protocol for Functional Assessment of Whole-Protein Saturation Mutagenesis Libraries Utilizing High-Throughput Sequencing

Published on: July 3, 2016

10.9K

Area of Science:

  • Enzymology
  • Microbiology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Beta-lactamases are key enzymes in antibiotic resistance.
  • Historical classification relied on functional names (penicillinase, cephalosporinase) or structural classes (A, B).
  • Increasing enzyme diversity necessitates advanced nomenclature.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evolution of beta-lactamase nomenclature.
  • To highlight the shift from functional to integrated functional and structural classification systems.
  • To establish the current authority for beta-lactamase naming.

Main Methods:

  • Review of historical enzyme designations.
  • Analysis of classification schemes based on biochemical properties and amino acid sequences.
  • Medline search to identify current nomenclature trends.
  • Identification of the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) as the governing body.

Main Results:

  • Early beta-lactamases were named functionally.
  • Classification expanded to structural groups (serine-based: A, C, D; metallo-beta-lactamases: B).
  • Modern classification integrates function and structure, with NCBI oversight.

Conclusions:

  • Beta-lactamase nomenclature requires continuous evolution.
  • New enzyme discoveries and functionalities will drive future naming conventions.
  • Standardized nomenclature is crucial for research and clinical applications in antibiotic resistance.