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Italy: Health System Review.
Antonio Giulio de Belvis1, Michela Meregaglia2, Alisha Morsella1
1Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore.
Health Systems in Transition
|March 23, 2023
Summary
Italy's National Health Service (SSN) offers universal coverage but faces regional disparities and underinvestment. The COVID-19 pandemic exposed weaknesses, necessitating reforms in community care, workforce, and infrastructure.
Area of Science:
- Health Policy and Systems Research
- Public Health
- Healthcare Management
Background:
- Italy's National Health Service (SSN) provides universal healthcare with high life expectancy.
- Significant regional disparities exist in health indicators, spending, and service quality.
- The SSN faces challenges including underinvestment in workforce and infrastructure, and insufficient community care.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review recent developments in the organization, governance, financing, and performance of the Italian health system.
- To analyze the impact of past reforms and the COVID-19 pandemic on the SSN.
- To identify key challenges and priorities for improving the sustainability and resilience of the Italian health system.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of organizational and governance structures.
- Review of health financing and care provision trends.
- Assessment of health reforms and system performance indicators.
- Examination of impacts during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Main Results:
- The SSN, while providing universal coverage, exhibits marked regional inequalities.
- A shift from inpatient to community care was not adequately supported, impacting pandemic response.
- Underinvestment in the health workforce, infrastructure, and digital systems are critical issues.
- Italy's National Recovery and Resilience Plan targets primary care, investment, and digitalization.
Conclusions:
- Reforms are needed to address regional disparities and strengthen community-based services.
- Addressing underinvestment in the health workforce and modernizing infrastructure are crucial for SSN resilience.
- Alignment between central and regional authorities is essential for effective reorganization.
- The National Recovery and Resilience Plan offers an opportunity to modernize and enhance the Italian health system.
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