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Continuous ammonia electrosynthesis using physically interlocked bipolar membrane at 1000 mA cm-2.

Ziang Xu1, Lei Wan1, Yiwen Liao1

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.

Nature Communications
|March 24, 2023
PubMed
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This study introduces a novel bipolar membrane reactor for efficient ammonia electrosynthesis from nitrate. The design enables stable, high-yield ammonia production with improved ionic balance and membrane stability.

Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Ammonia electrosynthesis from nitrate offers mild conditions and clean energy benefits.
  • Existing methods suffer from low yield and short duration due to unstable ion exchange membranes at high current densities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a stable and efficient bipolar membrane reactor for continuous ammonia electrosynthesis from nitrate.
  • To overcome limitations of existing electrochemical strategies by enhancing ionic transfer and interfacial stability.

Main Methods:

  • A bipolar membrane with a 3D physically interlocked interface was constructed to improve water dissociation and ionic transfer.
  • A Co 3D nanoarray cathode was integrated for high current and low concentration utilization.

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  • The system was tested for continuous electrolysis under demanding conditions.

    • Main Results:

    • The bipolar membrane design reduced transmembrane voltage to 1.13 V at 1000 mA cm⁻².
    • The reactor achieved stable electrolysis at 1000 mA cm⁻² for over 100 hours.
    • High Faradaic efficiency (86.2%) and yield rate (68.4 mg h⁻¹ cm⁻²) were obtained with a 2000 ppm nitrate electrolyte.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed bipolar membrane nitrate reduction process significantly enhances ionic transfer and interfacial stability.
    • This advanced reactor design demonstrates a promising pathway for continuous, high-yield ammonia electrosynthesis.
    • The findings hold potential for advancing artificial nitrogen cycling applications.