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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 5, 2025

Single-Cell Resolution Three-Dimensional Imaging of Intact Organoids
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Primary human organoids models: Current progress and key milestones.

Giuseppe Calà1,2, Beatrice Sina1,3, Paolo De Coppi2,4

  • 1Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Department of Surgical Biotechnology, University College London, London, United Kingdom.

Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology
|March 24, 2023
PubMed
Summary

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Human organoids derived from stem cells offer powerful tools for studying development and disease. This review highlights their applications in modeling organs, testing drugs, and advancing regenerative medicine.

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Science
  • Developmental Biology
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Organoid technology has rapidly advanced over the past decade.
  • Human organoids are increasingly used for patient-specific in vitro 3D cultures.
  • These cultures are derived from primary or reprogrammed stem/progenitor cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review organs and tissues modeled using primary human organoid systems.
  • To discuss the advantages and limitations of primary human organoids.
  • To explore future perspectives in developmental biology, disease modeling, drug testing, and regenerative medicine.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on primary human organoid systems.
  • Analysis of applications in organ development, homeostasis, and disease modeling.
Keywords:
disease modellingorganoidsprimary organoidsprimary tissue cultureregenerative medicinethree dimensional model

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  • Discussion of organoid derivation from fetal to adult stem/progenitor cells.

    • Main Results:

    • Primary human organoids can be maintained for extended periods, retaining tissue properties.
    • Organoid technology facilitates the development of innovative disease models and regenerative therapies.
    • Various organs and tissues have been successfully modeled in vitro using primary organoids.

    Conclusions:

    • Primary human organoids are valuable tools for biological and medical research.
    • Continued advancements promise to enhance organoid applications in drug discovery and personalized medicine.
    • The potential of primary organoids spans developmental biology, disease modeling, and regenerative medicine.