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The Association Between Congenital Heart Disease and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Sophia Gu1, Abhay Katyal1, Qian Zhang2
1Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital Heart Centre, University of British Columbia, 4480 Oak St 1F9, Vancouver, BC, V6H3V4, Canada.
Congenital heart disease (CHD) nearly doubles the risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in young patients. This systematic review highlights the critical link between CHD and ASD, emphasizing the need for early screening and intervention.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Cardiology
- Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Public Health
Background:
- Congenital heart disease (CHD) is associated with neurodevelopmental impairments in children.
- A comprehensive synthesis of existing literature is needed to understand the link between CHD and autism spectrum disorder (ASD).
Approach:
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies published between 1965 and May 2021 was conducted.
- Searches were performed in PubMed, Cochrane, and ISI databases.
- Quantitative estimates from eligible studies were pooled using random effect models.
Key Points:
- The review included 24 articles with over 348,000 subjects.
- Meta-analysis of 7 studies (250,611 subjects) revealed that CHD is associated with nearly double the odds of ASD (OR 1.99).
- Potential risk factors include early developmental delay, perinatal factors, and genetics.
Conclusions:
- Congenital heart disease significantly increases the risk of autism spectrum disorder.
- Patients with CHD have a higher likelihood of presenting with ASD diagnoses or suggestive symptoms.
- This finding underscores the importance of neurodevelopmental monitoring in children with CHD.
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