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What is really 'Long COVID'?
Sandor Szabo1, Oksana Zayachkivska2, Alamdar Hussain2
1School of Medicine, American University of Health Sciences, 1600 East Hill St., Signal Hill/Long Beach, CA, 90755, USA. sszabo@auhs.edu.
Inflammopharmacology
|March 25, 2023
Summary
Long COVID is a complex syndrome with persistent symptoms like fatigue and brain fog, unlike previous viral respiratory illnesses. Further research into its pathogenesis and high prevalence is crucial for understanding and managing this condition.
Area of Science:
- Infectious Diseases
- Immunology
- Neurology
Background:
- Previous acute respiratory viral diseases (e.g., SARS, MERS) were typically short-lived.
- COVID-19 presents unique long-term complications, termed 'long COVID' or post-COVID conditions.
- Long COVID involves persistent symptoms beyond the acute infection phase, affecting multiple organ systems.
Purpose of the Study:
- To define and describe the characteristics of long COVID syndrome.
- To explore the potential pathogenesis of long COVID.
- To highlight the prevalence and need for further investigation of long COVID.
Main Methods:
- Review of clinical observations and existing literature on COVID-19 sequelae.
- Analysis of reported symptoms and definitions of long COVID.
- Discussion of proposed pathophysiological mechanisms.
Main Results:
- Long COVID is characterized by a complex array of symptoms including fatigue, 'brain fog', muscle pain, and organ-specific issues.
- Pathogenesis may involve persistent vascular endothelial injury, microthrombi formation, and prolonged cytokine storms.
- Prevalence estimates vary, with significant percentages of COVID-19 survivors experiencing long-term symptoms.
Conclusions:
- Long COVID is a multi-system syndrome requiring further clinical and basic research.
- Understanding the underlying mechanisms is essential for developing effective treatments.
- The high prevalence underscores the public health significance of long COVID.
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