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Related Concept Videos

Disorders of the Autonomic Nervous System01:18

Disorders of the Autonomic Nervous System

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The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is an intricate network of nerves that controls functions such as the regulation of heart rate, digestion, and blood pressure regulation. When this system malfunctions, it can lead to various disorders that affect multiple bodily functions. One common feature of many autonomic disorders is the involvement of smooth blood vessels, which play a crucial role in regulating blood flow throughout the body.
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Autonomic Nervous System: Overview01:26

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The human nervous system is divided into two main parts: the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The CNS is composed of the brain and spinal cord, while the PNS contains nerve cells, clusters of nerve cells, and the sensory receptors that are outside the CNS. The PNS has two types of nerve cells: sensory (afferent) and motor (efferent). Sensory cells send signals to the CNS from receptors, and motor cells carry signals from the CNS to organs, muscles, and...
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The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is a critical component of the peripheral nervous system, primarily responsible for regulating involuntary bodily functions and maintaining homeostasis. It functions in tandem with the central nervous system (CNS) to seamlessly coordinate various physiological processes without the need for conscious control.
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Clinical manifestationsPeripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) manifests through a range of symptoms, from the characteristic intermittent claudication to atypical presentations and severe complications in advanced stages. Intermittent claudication, a hallmark symptom of PAD, presents as exercise-induced muscle pain that typically resolves within minutes of rest. This pain is reproducible and stems from inadequate blood flow, leading to the accumulation of lactic acid produced during anaerobic...
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Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis
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How to explore and explain autonomic changes in multiple sclerosis.

Luka Crnošija1, Ivan Adamec2, Magdalena Krbot Skorić3

  • 1University Hospital Center Zagreb, Department of Neurology, Referral Center for Autonomic Nervous System Disorders, Zagreb, Croatia.

Neurophysiologie Clinique = Clinical Neurophysiology
|March 26, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Autonomic dysfunction is common in multiple sclerosis (MS). This review covers central nervous system control of cardiovascular and thermoregulatory systems and standardized autonomic nervous system (ANS) testing for people with MS (pwMS).

Keywords:
Autonomic nervous systemCardiovascularMultiple sclerosisThermoregulatory

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Autonomic Nervous System Research
  • Multiple Sclerosis Pathophysiology

Background:

  • Autonomic dysfunction (AD) is a frequent clinical finding in people with MS (pwMS).
  • Understanding the central neural mechanisms governing cardiovascular and thermoregulatory functions is crucial for managing AD in MS.
  • Standardization of autonomic nervous system (ANS) testing is needed for accurate diagnosis and monitoring in pwMS.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of central neural mechanisms controlling cardiovascular and thermoregulatory systems relevant to AD in MS.
  • To discuss standardized methods for autonomic nervous system testing in pwMS.
  • To highlight factors influencing ANS testing results in pwMS.

Main Methods:

  • Narrative review of central neural control mechanisms.
  • Focus on the standard battery of ANS tests: blood pressure and heart rate response to Valsalva maneuver and head-up tilt, heart rate response to deep breathing, and sudomotor function tests.
  • Discussion of other AD types and relevant testing in pwMS.

Main Results:

  • The standard battery of ANS tests can detect autonomic pathology in the majority of pwMS.
  • Multiple sclerosis phenotypes, disease duration, activity, clinical disability, and disease-modifying therapies significantly influence ANS testing results.
  • Detailed patient characteristics and stratification are beneficial for reporting ANS testing outcomes in pwMS.

Conclusions:

  • Standardized autonomic nervous system testing is essential for evaluating autonomic dysfunction in people with MS.
  • Consideration of individual patient characteristics is critical for interpreting ANS test results in pwMS.
  • This review provides a framework for understanding and performing ANS testing in the context of multiple sclerosis.