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Performance simulation of solar cell based on AZO/CdTe heterostructure by SCAPS 1D software.

José Carlos Zepeda Medina1, Enrique Rosendo Andrés1, Crisóforo Morales Ruíz1

  • 1Posgrado en Dispositivos Semiconductores (PDS), Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Av. San Claudio y 14 Sur, Edif. IC 5 C. U. Col. San Manuel, Puebla, C. P., 72520, Mexico.

Heliyon
|March 27, 2023
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Summary

This study explores aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) as a window layer in cadmium telluride (CdTe) solar cells. Optimized AZO and CdTe layers significantly enhance solar cell performance, achieving a 14.2% power conversion efficiency.

Keywords:
AZO window LayerAZO/CdTeCdTe thin FilmSCAPS-1DSolar cell performance

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Renewable Energy
  • Semiconductor Physics

Background:

  • Thin-film solar cells are crucial for renewable energy.
  • Cadmium telluride (CdTe) solar cells offer high efficiency potential.
  • Alternative window and hole transport layers are needed to improve CdTe solar cell performance and reduce costs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To simulate and analyze a novel solar cell structure using aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) as a window layer and nickel oxide (NiO) as a hole transport layer (HTL).
  • To investigate the impact of various parameters on solar cell performance, including layer thickness, carrier concentration, operating temperature, and resistances.
  • To evaluate the potential of AZO as a substitute for traditional window layers like cadmium sulfide (CdS).

Main Methods:

  • Device simulation using the Solar Cell Capacitance Simulator - 1 dimension (SCAPS-1D) software.
  • Analysis of heterojunction solar cells with the structure (Al/AZO/CdTe/NiO/Ni).
  • Systematic variation of AZO and CdTe layer thicknesses, carrier concentrations, operating temperature, and series/shunt resistances.

Main Results:

  • Optimized AZO layer thickness (10 nm) and carrier concentration significantly improved solar cell performance.
  • Optimized CdTe absorber layer thickness (2 μm) and carrier concentration were determined.
  • The simulation achieved a maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 14.2%, with an open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.74 V, short-circuit current density (Jsc) of 26.15 mA/cm², and a fill factor (FF) of 72.83%.
  • Optimal series resistance (1-3 Ωcm²) and shunt resistance (1800-2200 Ωcm²) were identified.

Conclusions:

  • Aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) demonstrates significant potential as an effective window layer material in CdTe solar cells.
  • Optimizing layer parameters and resistances is critical for maximizing solar cell efficiency.
  • AZO offers a promising alternative to CdS for window layers, potentially leading to more efficient and cost-effective CdTe solar cell technologies.