Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 5, 2025
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Creating Virtual-hand and Virtual-face Illusions to Investigate Self-representation
Published on: March 1, 2017
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Look at me now! Enfacement illusion over computer-generated faces
Stefania La Rocca1,2, Silvia Gobbo1,2, Giorgia Tosi2,3
1Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.
Frontiers in Human Neuroscience
|March 27, 2023
Summary
The enfacement illusion can be induced using computer-generated faces, with visuotactile and visuomotor stimulation proving more effective than simple exposure. This research explores bodily self-perception shifts using virtual reality stimuli.
Area of Science:
- Cognitive Psychology
- Neuroscience
- Virtual Reality
Background:
- Embodied cognition research indicates bodily self-perception is malleable.
- The enfacement illusion demonstrates how multisensory stimulation can alter self-perception towards an external body.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate enfacement illusion induction using computer-generated faces.
- To determine the most effective multisensory stimulation condition for inducing the illusion.
Main Methods:
- Participants experienced synchronous and asynchronous visuotactile, visuomotor, and simple exposure stimulations with a virtual avatar.
- Questionnaires assessed embodiment and enfacement sensations post-stimulation.
Main Results:
- Synchronous stimulation produced a stronger enfacement illusion effect than asynchronous stimulation.
- Visuotactile and visuomotor stimulation conditions were more effective than simple exposure.
- The illusion's effect was more pronounced on embodiment aspects.
Conclusions:
- The enfacement illusion can be effectively induced with virtual reality stimuli.
- Visuotactile and visuomotor stimulations play a significant role in virtual enfacement.
- This paradigm offers new avenues for studying face identity ownership and multisensory integration.
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