Racial Differences in 30-Day Reintubation After Head and Neck Surgery

Background This study aimed to examine the association of race and ethnicity with 30-day unplanned reintubation following head and neck surgery. Methodology A retrospective analysis of head and neck surgery patients aged greater than or equal to 18 years was extracted from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database from 2015 to 2020. Patient demographics, comorbidities, and 30-day reintubation were included in the analysis. Pearson's chi-square and independent samples t-test were used to compare reintubation cohorts. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify the association of race and ethnicity with 30-day reintubation. Results Of the total 108,442 head and neck surgery cases included, 74.9% of patients were non-Hispanic White, 17.3% were non-Hispanic Black, and 7.7% were Hispanic. The overall 30-day reintubation rate was 0.33%. After adjusting for age, body mass index, sex, and comorbidities, non-Hispanic Black patients had increased 30-day reintubation compared to non-Hispanic White patients (odds ratio [OR] = 2.14, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.70-2.69, and P < 0.0001). There was no difference in 30-day reintubation for Hispanic patients compared to non-Hispanic White patients (OR = 1.08, 95% CI 0.67-1.65, and P = 0.747). Conclusions This analysis showed that non-Hispanic Black patients disproportionately had higher odds of 30-day reintubation following head and neck surgery. Hispanic ethnicity was not associated with increased odds of 30-day reintubation. More studies are needed to investigate the reasons for these racial differences.