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Related Concept Videos

Polymer Classification: Crystallinity01:21

Polymer Classification: Crystallinity

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Unlike ionic or small covalent molecules, polymers do not form crystalline solids due to the diffusion limitations of their long-chain structures. However, polymers contain microscopic crystalline domains separated by amorphous domains.
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Recrystallization is a purification technique used to separate impurities from solid compounds. In this technique, no chemical reactions occur. Instead, it exploits physical properties only, specifically, the solubility differences between the desired compound and impurities, either at a single temperature or at different temperatures, and under other selected conditions. The solid-solution equilibrium (solubility equilibrium) of each component in the solution represents a binary phase...
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Recently, the development of olefin metathesis polymerization advanced the field of polymer synthesis. Simply put, the reorganization of substituents on their double bonds between two olefins in the presence of a catalyst is known as the olefin metathesis reaction. The use of metathesis reaction for polymer synthesis is called olefin metathesis polymerization.
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Polymerization generates chiral centers along the entire backbone of a polymer chain. Accordingly, the stereochemistry of the substituent group has a significant effect on polymer properties. Polymers formed from monosubstituted alkene monomers feature chiral carbons at every alternate position in the polymer backbone. Relative to the predominant orientation of substituents at the adjacent chiral carbons, the polymer can exist in three different configurations: isotactic, syndiotactic, and...
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The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...
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The mechanism for anionic chain-growth polymerization involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. In the initiation step, a nucleophilic anion, such as butyl lithium, initiates the polymerization process by attacking the π bond of the vinylic monomer. As a result, a carbanion, stabilized by the electron‐withdrawing group, is generated. The resulting carbanion acts as a Michael donor in the propagation step and attacks the second vinylic monomer, which acts as a Michael...
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Crystallization Kinetics in an Immiscible Polyolefin Blend.

Derek E Huang1, Anthony P Kotula1, Chad R Snyder1

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Recycled plastic blends of high density polyethylene (HDPE) and isotactic polypropylene (iPP) show brittle behavior. Their crystallization kinetics and morphology significantly impact mechanical properties, revealing distinct processing regimes.

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Science
  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Recycled polymer blends, specifically high density polyethylene (HDPE) and isotactic polypropylene (iPP), often exhibit brittle mechanical behavior.
  • Understanding the crystallization kinetics of these blends is crucial for improving their performance and processability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the composition dependence of crystallization kinetics in HDPE/iPP blends.
  • To correlate crystallization behavior with blend morphology and mechanical properties.

Main Methods:

  • Optical microscopy to characterize blend morphology.
  • Rheo-Raman spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to study crystallization kinetics.
  • Multivariate curve resolution with alternating least-squares (MCR-ALS) for Raman spectral analysis.

Main Results:

  • Three distinct crystallization kinetic regimes were identified, corresponding to different two-phase morphologies: HDPE in iPP, iPP in HDPE, and cocontinuous structures.
  • iPP crystallization temperature decreased sharply with increasing HDPE content in the HDPE droplet regime.
  • Cocontinuous morphologies showed delayed iPP crystallization, while the iPP droplet regime exhibited nearly concurrent crystallization of both components.

Conclusions:

  • Blend morphology critically influences HDPE/iPP crystallization kinetics and, consequently, mechanical behavior.
  • The observed decrease in crystallization enthalpy suggests interactions affecting crystallization thermodynamics.
  • Tailoring blend morphology offers a pathway to mitigate brittleness in recycled HDPE/iPP materials.