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Release of exosomes in polytraumatized patients: The injury pattern is reflected by the surface epitopes

Birte Weber1, Dirk Henrich1, Cora Rebecca Schindler1

  • 1Department of Trauma-, Hand- and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany.

Frontiers in Immunology
|March 27, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Plasma exosomes may indicate injury patterns in polytrauma patients. Specific exosome surface markers change based on the type of trauma, aiding early diagnosis and potentially preventing complications.

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical research
  • Trauma medicine
  • Exosome biology

Background:

  • Trauma remains a significant cause of death and disability, particularly in young individuals.
  • Early and accurate diagnosis in trauma patients is crucial to prevent severe complications such as sepsis and multiorgan failure.
  • Exosomes are recognized for their roles as both markers and mediators in trauma responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if the surface epitopes of plasma exosomes can accurately reflect the specific injury pattern in polytrauma patients.
  • To identify potential exosome-based biomarkers for different types of polytrauma.

Main Methods:

  • Polytraumatized patients (ISS ≥16) were categorized by predominant injury: abdominal, chest, or traumatic brain injury (TBI).
  • Plasma exosomes were isolated using size exclusion chromatography and analyzed for concentration and size distribution via nanoparticle tracking analysis.
  • Exosomal surface antigens were quantified using bead-based multiplex flow cytometry and compared to healthy controls.

Main Results:

  • No significant difference in the total concentration of plasma exosomes was observed between polytrauma patients and controls.
  • Significant alterations in exosomal surface epitopes were identified, including reduced CD42a+ (platelet-derived) exosomes in all polytrauma patients.
  • Specific reductions in CD209+ (dendritic cell-derived) exosomes (abdominal trauma) and CD11+ (monocyte-derived) exosomes (chest trauma) were noted.
  • An increase in CD62p+ (endothelial/platelet-derived) exosomes was characteristic of the traumatic brain injury group.

Conclusions:

  • The cellular origin, reflected by surface epitopes of plasma exosomes, may serve as an indicator of the polytrauma injury pattern immediately post-trauma.
  • The observed decrease in CD42+ exosomes in polytrauma patients did not correlate with a reduction in overall platelet count.
  • Exosome surface epitope analysis shows promise for early, precise diagnostics in polytrauma management.
Abstract

Keywords:
MACSPlexabdominal traumaexosomesextracellular vesiclespolytraumasize exclusion chromatographythoracic traumatraumatic brain injury

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