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Integrative genomics analysis highlights functionally relevant genes for equine behaviour.

Amy R Holtby1,2, Thomas J Hall2, Beatrice A McGivney1

  • 1Plusvital Ltd, The Highline, Dun Laoghaire Industrial Estate, Dublin, Ireland.

Animal Genetics
|March 27, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Genomic analysis identified specific gene variants linked to behavior and stress response in young Thoroughbred horses. These findings can aid in developing genetic markers to enhance racehorse welfare and training adaptation.

Keywords:
FAANGRNA-seqSNPfunctional genomicsgenetic associationgenetic variationhorsepopulation genomicstemperamentthoroughbredtranscriptomics

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Area of Science:

  • Animal Genomics
  • Equine Behavioural Science
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Behavioural plasticity is crucial for horses adapting to training, influencing stress levels.
  • Understanding the genetic basis of equine behaviour can improve training outcomes and welfare.
  • Thoroughbred horses exhibit varied responses to training, necessitating genetic insights into their behavioural adaptation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with behavioural traits in Thoroughbred horses.
  • To identify genes with functional relevance to behaviour by integrating genomics with gene expression data.
  • To discover genetic markers for improving equine welfare and adaptation to training.

Main Methods:

  • Genomic analysis of SNPs in yearling Thoroughbred horses for two phenotypes: coping with training and salivary cortisol levels.
  • RNA-sequencing of amygdala and hippocampus tissues from Thoroughbred stallions.
  • Cross-referencing significant SNPs with highly expressed genes in neural tissues to identify functionally relevant candidates.

Main Results:

  • Significant SNPs were identified in proximity to genes involved in social behaviour, stress, neurodevelopmental, and addiction pathways.
  • The strongest association (q=0.0002) was with the NDN gene, previously linked to temperament in cattle.
  • Identified genes include GABARAP, NDM, OAZ1, RPS15A, SPARCL1, VAMP2 for coping, and CEBPA, COA3, DUSP1, HNRNPH1, RACK1 for cortisol variation.

Conclusions:

  • This study highlights functionally relevant genes associated with behavioural adaptation in Thoroughbred horses.
  • The identified genetic markers can contribute to improved racehorse welfare.
  • Genomic approaches offer a promising avenue for understanding and enhancing equine behaviour and training resilience.