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A battery is a galvanic cell that is used as a source of electrical power for specific applications. Modern batteries exist in a multitude of forms to accommodate various applications, from tiny button batteries such as those that power wristwatches to the very large batteries used to supply backup energy to municipal power grids. Some batteries are designed for single-use applications and cannot be recharged (primary cells), while others are based on conveniently reversible cell reactions that...
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On comparing the reactivity of silver and lead, it is observed that the two ionic species, Ag+ (aq) and Pb2+ (aq), show a difference in their redox reactivity towards copper: the silver ion undergoes spontaneous reduction, while the lead ion does not. This relative redox activity can be easily quantified in electrochemical cells by a property called cell potential. This property is commonly known as cell voltage in electrochemistry, and it is a measure of the energy which accompanies the charge...
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A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...
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Hybrid Electrolyte Design for High-Performance Zinc-Sulfur Battery.

Yuqi Guo1, Rodney Chua1,2, Yingqian Chen3

  • 1School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 11 Faculty Ave, Singapore, 639977, Singapore.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
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This study introduces a hybrid aqueous electrolyte to improve rechargeable aqueous zinc-sulfur (Zn/S) batteries by preventing sulfur side reactions and zinc dendrite growth. The new electrolyte enables high capacity and energy density, enhancing battery longevity.

Keywords:
aqueous batteriesconversion mechanismdendritehydrogen bondingside reactions

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Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Rechargeable aqueous Zn/S batteries offer high capacity but suffer from sulfur side reactions and Zn anode dendrite growth.
  • These issues limit long-term battery performance and cycle life in aqueous electrolytes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To simultaneously address sulfur side reactions and zinc dendrite growth in aqueous Zn/S batteries.
  • To develop a novel hybrid aqueous electrolyte for improved battery performance.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a unique hybrid aqueous electrolyte using ethylene glycol as a co-solvent.
  • Fabrication and electrochemical testing of Zn/S batteries with the designed electrolyte.
  • Investigation of cathode charge-discharge mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • The fabricated Zn/S battery achieved an unprecedented capacity of 1435 mAh g-1 and energy density of 730 Wh kg-1 at 0.1 Ag-1.
  • The battery demonstrated 70% capacity retention after 250 cycles at 3 Ag-1.
  • Studies revealed a multi-step conversion reaction mechanism involving sequential reduction of sulfur to ZnS during discharge and oxidation of ZnS back to sulfur during charge.

Conclusions:

  • The hybrid electrolyte design effectively tackles key challenges in aqueous Zn/S batteries, namely dendrite growth and sulfur side reactions.
  • The demonstrated multi-step electrochemistry offers a new pathway for designing advanced Zn/S batteries.
  • This approach enhances battery performance, capacity, and cycle life.