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Phase Transitions02:31

Phase Transitions

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Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to...
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Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing02:39

Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing

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Heating a crystalline solid increases the average energy of its atoms, molecules, or ions, and the solid gets hotter. At some point, the added energy becomes large enough to partially overcome the forces holding the molecules or ions of the solid in their fixed positions, and the solid begins the process of transitioning to the liquid state or melting. At this point, the temperature of the solid stops rising, despite the continual input of heat, and it remains constant until all of the solid is...
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Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition02:33

Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition

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Some solids can transition directly into the gaseous state, bypassing the liquid state, via a process known as sublimation. At room temperature and standard pressure, a piece of dry ice (solid CO2) sublimes, appearing to gradually disappear without ever forming any liquid. Snow and ice sublimate at temperatures below the melting point of water, a slow process that may be accelerated by winds and the reduced atmospheric pressures at high altitudes. When solid iodine is warmed, the solid sublimes...
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Phase Diagram01:19

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The phase of a given substance depends on the pressure and temperature. Thus, plots of pressure versus temperature showing the phase in each region provide considerable insights into the thermal properties of substances. Such plots are known as phase diagrams. For instance, in the phase diagram for water (Figure 1), the solid curve boundaries between the phases indicate phase transitions (i.e., temperatures and pressures at which the phases coexist).
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States of Matter and Phase Changes00:59

States of Matter and Phase Changes

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The internal energy of a substance—the total kinetic energy of all its molecules and the potential energy of their associated forces—depends on the strength of the intermolecular forces in the condensed phases and the pressure exerted on the substance. The internal energy of a substance is the highest in the gaseous state, the lowest in the solid state, and intermediate in the liquid state. Phase transitions are caused by changes in physical conditions, such as temperature and...
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Bonding in Metals02:32

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Metallic bonds are formed between two metal atoms. A simplified model to describe metallic bonding has been developed by Paul Drüde called the “Electron Sea Model”. 
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Gate and Temperature Driven Phase Transitions in Few-Layer MoTe2.

Hugo Kowalczyk1, Johan Biscaras1, Nashra Pistawala2

  • 1Sorbonne Université, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, UMR CNRS 7590, Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie, IMPMC, 75005 Paris, France.

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|March 27, 2023
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Summary

Electrostatic fields do not induce the 2H-1T' structural transition in molybdenum ditelluride (MoTe2). High ion mobility in few-layer tellurides facilitates structural changes through other means, not pure gating.

Keywords:
MoTe2WTe2electrostatic dopingphase transitiontransition metal dichalcogenides

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Molybdenum ditelluride (MoTe2) exists in semiconducting (2H) and semimetallic (1T', Td) phases with distinct electronic transport properties.
  • Structural transitions between these phases, particularly 2H to 1T', are of interest for device applications and potential topological properties.
  • Previous claims suggested electrostatic gating could induce the 2H-1T' transition in MoTe2.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the possibility of inducing a 2H-1T' structural transition in few-layer MoTe2 using electrostatic gating.
  • To understand the role of ion mobility and external parameters in structural phase transitions of few-layer tellurides.
  • To clarify the mechanism behind structural changes in MoTe2 for potential device applications.

Main Methods:

  • Extensive Raman spectroscopy measurements were performed.
  • Experiments varied layer thickness, temperature, and electrostatic doping.
  • Measurements were conducted on few-layer 2H-MoTe2, 1T'-MoTe2, and Td-WTe2.

Main Results:

  • Few-layer tellurides exhibit high ion mobility, influenced by electric fields and temperature.
  • These conditions can lead to tellurium (Te) cluster formation and vacancies, facilitating structural transitions.
  • The study found no evidence that a pure electrostatic field can induce the 2H-1T' transition in MoTe2.

Conclusions:

  • The purported 2H-1T' transition in MoTe2 is not achievable through electrostatic gating alone.
  • Structural transitions in few-layer tellurides are primarily driven by ion mobility effects under varying external conditions.
  • These findings impact the understanding and potential application of MoTe2 in electronic devices.