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Toward plant breeding for multicrop systems.

Virginia M Moore¹, Tessa Peters², Brandon Schlautman²

¹Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

|March 27, 2023

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Shifting plant breeding focus to diverse multicrop systems can address agricultural environmental issues. Broader research, private sector, and policy changes are also essential for widespread adoption of these sustainable practices.

Keywords:

crop diversity cropping systems plant breeding sustainability

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Area of Science:

Agricultural Science
Plant Breeding
Ecology

Background:

Modern agriculture faces environmental challenges like erosion, soil carbon loss, nutrient runoff, water pollution, and biodiversity loss.
Traditional plant breeding has focused on monoculture systems, neglecting the potential of multicrop systems.
Multicrop systems enhance temporal and spatial diversity through varied crops and practices.

Purpose of the Study:

To highlight the necessity of adapting plant breeding programs for multicrop systems.
To identify the broader contextual changes required to support the transition to diverse cropping systems.

Main Methods:

Literature review and synthesis of current agricultural practices and breeding strategies.
Analysis of the role of plant breeding in monoculture versus multicrop systems.
Identification of necessary shifts in breeding objectives and methodologies.

Main Results:

Plant breeding must evolve to incorporate diverse rotations, alternate-season crops, ecosystem service crops, and intercropping.
The specific breeding method adjustments depend on the target cropping system.
Plant breeding alone is insufficient; systemic changes are required.

Conclusions:

A transition to multicrop systems requires aligned shifts in breeding approaches, research, private sector engagement, and policy.
Supportive policies, interdisciplinary collaboration, and public-private leadership are crucial for developing and promoting new cultivars for diverse systems.