Spontaneous tumor lysis syndrome in the setting of Candida albicans Fungemia

Tumor Lysis Syndrome (TLS) is a metabolic emergency seen in patients who receive cytotoxic chemotherapy and can result in significant morbidity and mortality, especially in those patients with high tumor burden. Spontaneous tumor lysis syndrome (STLS) occurs in patients without preceding chemotherapy but may occur in the setting of glucocorticoid administration. We present a case of a 75-year-old male with a history of myelodysplastic syndrome who presented with shortness of breath and developed acute renal failure due to tumor lysis syndrome, likely triggered by candidemia. To our knowledge, this is the first known case of STLS in a patient with high tumor burden who did not receive corticosteroids but likely developed this condition in the setting of infection.