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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 5, 2025

Induction and Clinical Scoring of Chronic-Relapsing Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
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Post-COVID-19 Encephalitis With Claustrum Sign Responsive to Immunomodulation.

Mian Bilal Humayun1, Sarah Khalid1, Hamza Khalid2

  • 1Internal Medicine, Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, PAK.

Cureus
|March 28, 2023
PubMed
Summary

A young unvaccinated girl developed encephalitis after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), showing confusion and limb jerking. Prompt immunomodulatory treatment led to complete symptom resolution, suggesting an immune-mediated cause.

Keywords:
autoimmunecoronavirus disease 2019covid-19encephalitisintravenous immunoglobulinintravenous immunoglobulins (ivig)neurologypediatric

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can trigger various neurological complications.
  • Post-infectious encephalitis is a recognized, albeit rare, sequela of viral infections.

Observation:

  • A six-and-a-half-year-old unvaccinated girl presented with acute confusion and limb myoclonus.
  • Brain MRI revealed a bilateral "claustrum sign" on T2/FLAIR, and EEG showed diffuse encephalopathy.
  • Serology confirmed past COVID-19 infection, while PCR, autoimmune, and infectious workups were negative.

Findings:

  • The patient received immunomodulatory therapy, including high-dose intravenous steroids and immunoglobulin.
  • Significant clinical improvement and complete symptom resolution were observed post-treatment.
  • The favorable response supports an immune-mediated etiology for the encephalitis.

Implications:

  • This case highlights a potential immune-mediated encephalitis following COVID-19 in a pediatric patient.
  • Further research is needed to establish definitive treatment guidelines for post-COVID-19 encephalitis.
  • Understanding immune responses is crucial for managing neurological sequelae of COVID-19.