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Insights into Changing Dermatophyte Spectrum in India Through Analysis of Cumulative 161,245 Cases Between 1939 and

Pawan Kumar1,2, S Ramachandran1,2, Shukla Das3

  • 1CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology(CSIR-IGIB), New Delhi, 110025, India.

Mycopathologia
|March 28, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Dermatophytosis, a common fungal skin infection, shows a shift in prevalent species in India, with increasing resistance to terbinafine. This study analyzes 80 years of data to guide regional treatment strategies.

Area of Science:

  • Medical Mycology
  • Epidemiology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Dermatophytosis affects approximately 20% of the global population.
  • India faces a significant burden of terbinafine-resistant dermatophytosis, particularly from Trichophyton species.
  • Emerging drug resistance necessitates updated epidemiological understanding.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a comprehensive retrospective analysis of dermatophytosis in India from 1939 to 2021.
  • To investigate the changing spectrum of dermatophyte species and their geographical distribution.
  • To analyze the phylogenomic relatedness of prevalent dermatophytes in India.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 1038 research articles covering 161,245 cases.
  • Epidemiological data compilation and analysis across different Indian regions.
  • 18S rRNA-based phylogenetics and whole-genome analysis (ANI, SNP) for prevalent dermatophytes.

Main Results:

  • Dermatophytosis is widespread across India, irrespective of regional climate variations.
  • Trichophyton rubrum was dominant until 2015, followed by a shift towards the Trichophyton mentagrophytes/interdigitale complex.
  • Phylogenomic analysis revealed high relatedness among prevalent dermatophytes, indicating geographic specificity.

Conclusions:

  • The epidemiological landscape of dermatophytosis in India has evolved over 80 years.
  • A significant shift in the dominant dermatophyte species has occurred since 2015.
  • Findings support the development of region-specific strategies for dermatophytosis prevention and treatment, addressing drug resistance.
Keywords:
DermatophytosisEpidemiologyLiterature-miningPhylogenomics

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