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A Facile and Eco-friendly Route to Fabricate PolyLactic Acid Scaffolds with Graded Pore Size
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PCL/Graphene Scaffolds for the Osteogenesis Process.

Silvia Anitasari1,2,3, Ching-Zong Wu1,4,5, Yung-Kang Shen6

  • 1School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.

Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland)
|March 29, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL)/graphene (G) scaffolds enhance bone regeneration. Higher graphene concentrations improved hydrophilicity, pore connectivity, and mechanical strength, showing superior biocompatibility with osteoblast-like cells.

Keywords:
PCLbiocompatiblebiodegradablegraphenescaffold

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Tissue Engineering
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL) is a biodegradable polymer with potential for bone regeneration.
  • Graphene incorporation can enhance the properties of PCL scaffolds.
  • Characterizing PCL/graphene scaffolds is crucial for optimizing bone tissue engineering applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the osteoconductivity, bioresorbability, biodegradability, biocompatibility, and mechanical properties of Poly-ε-caprolactone/graphene (PCL/G) scaffolds.
  • To determine the optimal graphene concentration for enhanced bone regeneration.
  • To investigate the effect of graphene on scaffold surface properties, pore structure, and mechanical integrity.

Main Methods:

  • Solvent casting and particulate leaching were used to fabricate PCL/G scaffolds at varying graphene concentrations (0.5–3 wt%).
  • Water contact angle, pore size analysis, and water absorption measurements were performed.
  • Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and mechanical testing (Young's modulus) were employed.
  • Biocompatibility was assessed using osteoblast-like (MG-63) cells, evaluating adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation.

Main Results:

  • Graphene incorporation shifted the surface from hydrophobic to hydrophilic.
  • Scaffold porosity and pore connectivity increased with higher graphene concentrations.
  • Water absorption increased with higher graphene content.
  • Graphene addition significantly enhanced mechanical properties, with a 3 wt% G scaffold exhibiting four times the Young's modulus of pure PCL.
  • PCL/G scaffolds with higher graphene concentrations demonstrated superior biocompatibility, promoting cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation.

Conclusions:

  • PCL/G scaffolds exhibit promising characteristics for bone regeneration, with graphene enhancing key properties.
  • Higher graphene concentrations (2-3 wt%) are optimal for improving hydrophilicity, pore structure, mechanical strength, and biocompatibility.
  • These findings support the potential of PCL/G nanocomposites as advanced biomaterials for bone tissue engineering.