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Related Concept Videos

Gene-Environment Interactions01:20

Gene-Environment Interactions

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Gene expression is a dynamic process that is significantly influenced by environmental factors. This interaction underlies the complex nature of biological development and the phenotypic differences observed among individuals, even among those with identical genetic makeups. Factors such as radiation, temperature, behavior, nutrition, and stress play pivotal roles in determining how genes are expressed. The concept of the reaction range is central to understanding this interaction. It posits...
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Nucleotide Excision Repair01:38

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DNA Distortion and Damage
Cells are regularly exposed to mutagens—factors in the environment that can damage DNA and generate mutations. UV radiation is one of the most common mutagens and is estimated to introduce a significant number of changes in DNA. These include bends or kinks in the structure, which can block DNA replication or transcription. If these errors are not fixed, the damage can cause mutations, which in turn can result in cancer or disease depending on which sequences are...
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Although the genetic makeup of an organism plays a major role in determining the phenotype, there are also several environmental factors, such as temperature, oxygen availability, presence of mutagens, that can alter an organism’s phenotype.
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Epigenetic Regulation01:37

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Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
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Human Genetics01:28

Human Genetics

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Human genetics provides a profound framework for understanding the interplay between genetic predispositions and human psychology. At the heart of this discipline lies the study of how genes influence physical traits, behaviors, and susceptibility to diseases. Each person carries a unique genetic code that subtly or significantly shapes their psychological and behavioral landscape.
The complex relationship between genetics and psychology is observable through common biological components such...
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Aging01:26

Aging

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Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
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The cellular clock theory posits that the human lifespan is closely tied to the finite capacity of cells to divide, a phenomenon governed by telomeres, which are protective caps at the ends of...
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Imaging Approaches to Assessments of Toxicological Oxidative Stress Using Genetically-encoded Fluorogenic Sensors
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Nutriepigenomics in Environmental-Associated Oxidative Stress.

Karla Rubio1,2,3, Estefani Y Hernández-Cruz4,5, Diana G Rogel-Ayala2,3

  • 1International Laboratory EPIGEN, Consejo de Ciencia y Tecnología del Estado de Puebla (CONCYTEP), Instituto de Ciencias, Ecocampus, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Puebla 72570, Mexico.

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Environmental factors like diet and pollution impact gene expression through epigenetics, influencing oxidative stress and disease. Nutrition

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Medicine
  • Molecular Biology
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Epigenetic machinery modifies gene expression in response to environmental stimuli.
  • Nutrition significantly impacts epigenetic regulation and cellular responses like oxidative stress.
  • Oxidative stress, an imbalance in reactive species and antioxidant defenses, is linked to epigenetic changes from pollutants.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review epigenetic mechanisms linking environmental factors to oxidative stress and human disease.
  • To explore microenvironment factors influencing epigenetic regulation of cellular responses.
  • To highlight the role of nutrition in epigenome modification for environmental medicine.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of epigenetic mechanisms.
  • Analysis of environmental factors' impact on oxidative stress.
  • Discussion of microenvironment influences on cellular responses.

Main Results:

  • Environmental factors induce epigenetic changes that can lead to oxidative stress.
  • Nutrients play a key role in regulating the epigenome and cellular responses.
  • Microenvironment factors, including nutrients and cell communication, modulate epigenetic control.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding nutrient-epigenome interactions is vital for environmental medicine.
  • Epigenetic insights offer potential for early diagnostics and therapeutics in environmentally-induced diseases.
  • Targeting epigenetic mechanisms may help manage oxidative stress and disease progression.