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Geometric Morphometric Versus Genomic Patterns in a Large Polyploid Plant Species Complex.

Ladislav Hodač1,2, Kevin Karbstein1,2, Salvatore Tomasello1

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Genomic and morphological data reveal that the European Ranunculus auricomus complex, a polyploid plant group, shows clear relationships. This study supports revising traditional plant classification methods.

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Area of Science:

  • Botany
  • Genomics
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Taxonomically complex groups (TCGs) like the Ranunculus auricomus complex present challenges in species classification due to hybridization, polyploidy, and apomixis.
  • Mosaic-like trait combinations and conflicts between morphological and molecular data complicate species delimitation in TCGs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationships among progenitor species and derivate taxa within the European Ranunculus auricomus complex.
  • To integrate genomic, phenotypic, reproductive, and ecological data for a comprehensive understanding of species relationships and classification.

Main Methods:

  • Geometric morphometrics applied to leaf and receptacle morphology.
  • Genomic analyses including RAD-Seq, target enrichment, and plastid sequencing from 220 populations.
  • Phylogenomic, phenotypic, reproductive, and ecological data integration.

Main Results:

  • Genomic clusters align with morphological groupings, with RAD-Seq data providing the best resolution.
  • Apomictic taxa generally overlap in morphospace, except for those at the edges.
  • Apomictic phenotypes are primarily shaped by parental subgenome composition and secondarily by climate.
  • Allopolyploid taxa exhibit mosaic biotypes, intermediate or transgressive to their sexual progenitors.

Conclusions:

  • Joint evaluation of diverse data types supports revising subjective, descriptive traditional classifications.
  • The study provides a robust framework for understanding complex plant species, integrating multiple data sources.