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Is There an Association between Viral Infections and Risk for Pediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnea? A Systematic Review

Elody Aïem1,2,3, Clémence Leblais2, Laurence Lupi1,2,3

  • 1Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire Odontologie, Université Côte d'Azur, 5 rue du 22e B.C.A, 06000 Nice, France.

Children (Basel, Switzerland)
|March 29, 2023
PubMed

Insights

History of viral infections, particularly lower respiratory infections, may increase the risk of pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). This suggests respiratory viruses might play a mechanical role in developing pediatric OSA.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Pulmonology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Sleep Medicine

Background:

  • Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) affects 1-5% of children, primarily linked to adenotonsillar hypertrophy.
  • Respiratory viruses can persist in lymphoepithelial organs post-infection.
  • The role of viral infections in pediatric OSA development requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review the association between a history of viral infections and the risk of pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of electronic databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus) up to November 21, 2022.
  • Inclusion of prospective or retrospective cohort studies comparing children with and without a history of viral infections.
  • Data extraction and risk of bias assessment (ROBINS-I) by four independent reviewers.

Main Results:

  • Four studies (one retrospective cohort, two prospective cohorts, one case-control) met the inclusion criteria from 1027 initially identified articles.
  • Findings suggest a potential link between lower airway infections and subsequent pediatric OSA diagnosis.

Conclusions:

  • Exposure to lower respiratory tract infections may precede pediatric OSA diagnosis.
  • Respiratory viruses might contribute mechanically to the development of pediatric OSA.
  • Further research is essential to elucidate the precise role of viral infections in pediatric OSA.

Keywords:
associationobstructive sleep apneapediatricsystematic reviewviral infections

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