Current Approaches to and the Application of Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) for Avian Genome Editing

Area of Science:

• Agricultural Science
• Developmental Biology
• Genetics

Background:

• Poultry are valuable resources and experimental models for embryogenesis research.
• Increasing demand for low-allergen eggs and bioreactors drives innovation in poultry genetic modification.
• Programmable genome editing technologies, like CRISPR/Cas9, are revolutionizing animal agriculture and research.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the establishment of genome-edited poultry lines.
• To highlight germline chimera production systems (primordial germ cells and viral infection).
• To summarize advances in avian intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) for genome editing.

Main Methods:

• CRISPR/Cas9 system for genome modification in chickens and quails.
• Germline chimera production via primordial germ cells and viral infection.
• Avian intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) system development and application.

Main Results:

• Successful establishment of genome-edited poultry lines has been achieved.
• Germline chimera production systems are effective for poultry genetic modification.
• Advances in avian ICSI have enhanced genome editing capabilities.

Conclusions:

• Genome editing technologies, combined with advanced reproductive techniques, are transforming poultry science.
• These advancements support the development of poultry for specialized applications, including low-allergen products and bioreactors.
• The review underscores the potential of genetic engineering in poultry for agricultural and biomedical purposes.