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Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Overview and Classification

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Overview and Classification

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) is a clinical practice that measures specific drug levels in a patient's blood at designated intervals to ensure the drug concentration stays within a therapeutic range. This monitoring is crucial for optimizing individual dosage regimens, enhancing therapeutic efficacy, and minimizing drug-related toxicity. TDM is vital for drugs with narrow therapeutic windows, significant variability in pharmacokinetics, and a clear correlation between plasma levels and...

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Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) is the clinical practice of measuring specific drug levels in a patient's blood or body tissues to manage and optimize therapy. TDM is crucial for drugs with narrow therapeutic windows, like warfarin and phenytoin, where incorrect doses can lead to treatment failure or severe side effects. This monitoring ensures the dosage administered is within a safe and effective range. The factors affecting therapeutic drug monitoring include:Patient-Specific Factors:a.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Treatment of Facial Deformities using 3D Planning and Printing of Patient-Specific Implants

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Published on: May 23, 2020

Full-Digital Workflow for TMDs Management: A Case Series.

Simona Tecco¹, Alessandro Nota¹, Laura Pittari¹

¹Dental School, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, I.R.C.C.S. San Raffaele Hospital, Via Olgettina 48, 20132 Milan, Italy.

Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)

|March 29, 2023

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Digital technology enhances temporomandibular joint disorder (TMD) treatment planning. Full-digital workflows and mandibular kinematic analysis enable precise diagnosis and faster, customized appliance fabrication for improved patient outcomes.

Keywords:

ModJaw TMD bite registration case series digital dentistry gnathology kinematics occlusion rest vertical dimension splint

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Area of Science:

Dentistry
Biomedical Engineering
Orthodontics

Background:

Temporomandibular joint disorders (TMDs) present complex management challenges, particularly in stabilizing the therapeutic position.
Traditional methods for TMD treatment planning can be intricate and time-consuming.
Digital technologies offer novel approaches for assessing and planning TMD interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

To demonstrate the application of a full-digital workflow for treatment planning in TMD patients.
To evaluate the preliminary use of mandibular kinematic analysis in diagnosing and managing TMDs.
To showcase the customization of intraoral appliances using digital techniques.

Main Methods:

A case series involving three TMD patients utilizing a full-digital workflow.
Preliminary evaluation of mandibular kinematic activity using a digital device (Tech in motion™, ModJaw).
Digital planning of personalized treatments and customization of intraoral appliances via digital or semi-digital workflows.

Main Results:

Digitalization of mandibular kinematics facilitated a more dynamic and informed diagnosis.
The full-digital workflow enabled faster realization and execution of customized intraoral appliances.
The process allowed for memorization of the therapeutic position and early verification against patient kinematics.

Conclusions:

Full-digital planning, incorporating mandibular kinematic analysis, enhances diagnostic accuracy and treatment efficiency for TMDs.
Digital workflows streamline the creation of personalized intraoral appliances, improving therapeutic position stability.
This approach offers a promising advancement in managing complex TMD cases.