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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 5, 2025

Author Spotlight: Utilizing Traditional Chinese Acupuncture of the Ear to Improve Sleep Disorders
05:34

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Reflex Auriculo-Cardiac (RAC) Induced by Auricular Laser and Needle Acupuncture: New Case Results Using a Smartphone.

Ying-Ling Chen1,2, Kun-Chan Lan1,3, Mark C Hou4,5

  • 1School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.

Life (Basel, Switzerland)
|March 29, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Auricular acupuncture did not show significant pulse changes in healthy individuals. However, photoplethysmography detected reactions in subjects with mild conditions, suggesting potential for objective measurement of the auriculo-cardiac reflex.

Keywords:
Nogier reflexauricular acupunctureauricular medicinedynamic pulse reactionevidence-based complementary medicinephotoplethysmographyreflex auriculo-cardiac (RAC)smartphonevascular autonomic signal

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Area of Science:

  • Integrative Medicine
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Physiology

Background:

  • The auriculo-cardiac reflex (RAC), or Nogier reflex, describes pulse changes post-auricular acupuncture.
  • Objective verification of RAC is lacking, hindering clinical application.
  • Photoplethysmography (PPG) offers a method to objectively measure radial artery blood flow.

Observation:

  • This study investigated RAC using smartphone-based PPG during auricular acupuncture.
  • Thirty healthy subjects received traditional needle or laser acupuncture on Shen Men and control points.
  • PPG was continuously monitored before, during, and after stimulation.

Findings:

  • No statistically significant differences in PPG frequency or amplitude were observed in healthy subjects.
  • Notably, four participants with mild conditions (insomnia, viral symptoms, menstruation) exhibited rapid PPG changes post-needling.
  • These findings suggest RAC may be detectable in certain non-healthy populations.

Implications:

  • Smartphone PPG may offer a viable, objective tool for assessing RAC.
  • RAC might be more pronounced in individuals with specific health concerns than in completely healthy subjects.
  • Further research is warranted to explore RAC quantification in diverse patient groups.