Mechanical Properties of GFRP Bolts and Its Application in Tunnel Face Reinforcement

As a new type of pre-reinforcement material for tunnel faces, glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) bolts can effectively and safely improve the stability of tunnel faces in soft surrounding rocks and speed up excavation. Therefore, in this paper, systematic research is carried out on the bond strength of GFRP bolts in tunnel faces and their relative pre-reinforcement parameters. Firstly, the effects of rebar diameter, anchorage length, and mortar strength on the bonding properties of GFRP bars were studied by indoor pull-out tests. The bond strength-slip curves under different working conditions were obtained, and the curves showed that the ultimate bond strength between GFRP bars and mortar was negatively correlated with the diameter of GFRP bars but positively correlated with the strength of the mortar. In addition, the increase in anchorage length led to a reduction in bonding strength. Secondly, inverse analysis was used to analyse the mechanical parameters of the bond performance of the anchor bars by the finite difference software FLAC3D, and the results indicated that 1/5 of the compressive strength of the GFRP bar grouting body can be taken as the ultimate bond strength to calculate the cohesive strength of the grout. Additionally, the formula of GFRP bar grouting body stiffness was revised. Finally, based on the results of laboratory tests and the inverse analysis, the numerical simulation analysis results showed that the optimal reinforcement configuration for a shallow buried tunnel face surrounded by weak rock is to use GFRP bars with a length of 17 m arranged in the center circle of the tunnel face with a reasonable reinforcement density of 1.0 bolt/m². The calculation formula of the stiffness and cohesion strength of the GFRP bar grouting body and the reinforcement scheme proposed in this paper can provide a reference for the construction of shallowly buried rock tunnels in soft surrounding rock.