Deformation Inhomogeneities of a Hypoeutectic Aluminum-Silicon Alloy Modified by Electron Beam Treatment

This paper presents the results of uniaxial tensile tests on specimens of the hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy A319. According to the results, the influence of surface treatment by pulsed electron beam on the mechanical properties of the material was determined. The peculiarities of deformation localization in the material caused by grinding of the surface layer material structure due to rapid crystallization during electron beam treatment were revealed. The surface treatment up to the depth of 100 µm leads to the formation of a fine dendritic columnar structure of silumin and to an increase in the plasticity of the samples. The influence of the surface treatment affects the increase in the deformation localization in the region of the stable concentrator before failure. The greatest increase in ductility and localization of deformation occurs during treatment with an energy density of 15 J/cm². In the process of specimen deformation, unstable, metastable, and stable areas of plastic deformation localization are formed and replaced, and the formation of stable areas of localized plastic deformation, in which the specimen fails at the end of the test, can be detected at the initial stages of testing. In specimens, during the test in the zone of localized plastic deformation, bands are formed which pass through the entire surface of the specimen at an angle of 35 to 55 degrees to the tensile axis, and their development leads to the formation of stable zones of localized plastic deformation and to the failure of the specimen.