Association of Heart Rate Variability with Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Adults

Background and Objectives: Heart rate variability (HRV) analysis is a noninvasive method used to examine autonomic system function, and the clinical applications of HRV analysis have been well documented. The aim of this study is to investigate the association between HRV and the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) in patients referred for polysomnography (PSG) for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) diagnosis. Materials and Methods: Patients underwent whole-night PSG. Data on nocturnal HRV and AHI were analyzed. We determined the correlation of time- and frequency-domain parameters of HRV with the AHI. Results: A total of 62 participants (50 men and 12 women) were enrolled. The mean age, body mass index (BMI), neck circumference, and AHI score of the patients were 44.4 ± 11.5 years, 28.7 ± 5.2, 40.2 ± 4.8 cm, and 32.1 ± 27.0, respectively. The log root mean square of successive differences between normal heartbeats (RMSSD) were negatively correlated with BMI (p = 0.034) and neck circumference (p = 0.003). The log absolute power of the low-frequency band over high-frequency band (LF/HF) ratio was positively correlated with the AHI (p = 0.006). A higher log LF/HF power ratio (β = 5.01, p = 0.029) and BMI (β = 2.20, p < 0.001) were associated with a higher AHI value in multiple linear regression analysis. Conclusions: A higher log LF/HF power ratio and BMI were positively and significantly associated with the AHI during whole-night PSG in adult patients.