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Interactions between Gender and Sepsis-Implications for the Future.

Ines Lakbar1,2, Sharon Einav3,4, Nathalie Lalevée5

  • 1Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Unit, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux Universitaires de Marseille, Aix-Marseille University, Hospital Nord, 13015 Marseille, France.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Men are more susceptible to sepsis than women, with females showing better recovery. Understanding these sex differences in host response is key to personalized sepsis treatment.

Keywords:
genderinfectionsepsissexshock

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Pathophysiology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Sex and gender dimorphisms influence disease prevalence, with sepsis and septic shock more common in men.
  • Host response to pathogens differs between sexes, partly due to sex-polarized intracellular pathways.
  • Sex hormones are implicated in these differences, though chromosomal effects require further study.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore sex-based differences in host response to sepsis.
  • To investigate the role of sex hormones and other factors in sepsis susceptibility and outcomes.
  • To lay the groundwork for personalized, phenotype-based management of sepsis and septic shock.

Main Methods:

  • Review of animal models demonstrating sex-specific host responses to pathogens.
  • Analysis of clinical observations on sepsis incidence and mortality in men versus women.
  • Consideration of confounding variables like comorbidities and socio-cultural factors.

Main Results:

  • Animal models indicate females are less susceptible and recover better from sepsis than males.
  • Clinical data show higher sepsis incidence in men, with some reports suggesting higher mortality.
  • Nuanced findings exist, complicated by factors beyond hormonal differences, including pregnancy status.

Conclusions:

  • Sex differences in sepsis host response are evident, with females generally exhibiting better outcomes.
  • Hormonal and potentially chromosomal factors contribute to sex dimorphisms in sepsis.
  • Further research into these differences is crucial for developing personalized sepsis treatment strategies.