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Processing of Bulk Nanocrystalline Metals at the US Army Research Laboratory
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Microengineering Design for Advanced W-Based Bulk Materials with Improved Properties.

Magdalena Galatanu1, Monica Enculescu1, Andrei Galatanu1

  • 1National Institute of Materials Physics, Atomistilor Street 405 A, Magurele, 077125 Ilfov, Romania.

Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland)
|March 29, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Researchers explored microengineering Tungsten (W) composites with nanometric dispersions to enhance plasma-facing materials for fusion reactors. These improved W materials show promise for higher recrystallization temperatures and lower ductile-to-brittle transition temperatures under extreme heat flux conditions.

Keywords:
6 MeV electron irradiationhigh-heat-flux materialsmaterials for fusion applicationsthermophysical properties

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nuclear Engineering
  • Plasma Physics

Background:

  • Fusion reactors require robust plasma-facing materials capable of withstanding extreme temperatures and heat fluxes exceeding 20 MW/m².
  • Current materials, like pure Tungsten (W) in ITER, need improved thermal properties, specifically higher recrystallization and lower ductile-to-brittle transition temperatures.
  • High heat loads from plasma radiation, electrons, and ions necessitate advanced material solutions for reactor longevity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate microengineering strategies for enhancing Tungsten (W) properties for fusion reactor applications.
  • To develop W-based composites incorporating nanometric dispersions to improve thermal and mechanical characteristics.
  • To evaluate the performance of these novel W composites under simulated fusion reactor conditions, including electron irradiation.

Main Methods:

  • Three distinct microengineering routes involving nanometric dispersions were explored to create W-based composites.
  • Microstructural and thermophysical properties of the developed W composites were characterized.
  • The materials' behavior was assessed through 6 MeV electron irradiation tests to simulate operational stresses.

Main Results:

  • The study presents the microstructural and thermophysical properties of W composites with nanometric dispersions.
  • Results demonstrate the materials' response to 6 MeV electron irradiation, providing insights into their stability and performance.
  • The investigated microengineering approaches offer potential pathways for enhancing W properties.

Conclusions:

  • Microengineering W with nanometric dispersions is a viable strategy for improving plasma-facing materials.
  • The developed W composites exhibit promising characteristics for fusion reactor environments.
  • Further development and testing are recommended to optimize these advanced W-based materials for future fusion power plants.