Graphene-Related Nanomaterials for Biomedical Applications

Area of Science:

• Biomedical Engineering
• Materials Science
• Toxicology

Background:

• Graphene-related materials (GRMs) offer unique advantages for biomedical applications, particularly in neuroscience.
• Increasing use of GRMs necessitates a thorough evaluation of their potential human health impacts.
• Understanding GRM interactions with biological systems is crucial for both safety and efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the control, reproducibility, and limitations of GRMs in biomedical settings.
• To assess human hazard through in vitro and in vivo studies of GRMs.
• To identify key parameters influencing GRM toxicity and biological effects.

Main Methods:

• Review of in vitro and in vivo studies on GRM toxicity.
• Analysis of composition-structure-activity relationships driving GRM toxicity.
• Identification of critical parameters governing GRM biological interactions.

Main Results:

• GRMs exhibit diverse biological outcomes, including effects on cell proliferation, apoptosis, DNA damage, and inflammation.
• Physicochemical properties (size, composition, hydrophilicity) dictate GRM interactions with biomolecules, cells, and tissues.
• Key properties for biomedical applications include flexibility, transparency, surface chemistry, and biocompatibility.

Conclusions:

• A comprehensive understanding of GRM properties is essential for safe and effective biomedical applications.
• Tuning GRM properties is critical to mitigate toxicity and optimize therapeutic benefits.
• This review provides insights into managing GRM characteristics for targeted medical interventions.