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Determining Immune System Suppression versus CNS Protection for Pharmacological Interventions in Autoimmune Demyelination

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Recent Progress in Multiple Sclerosis Treatment Using Immune Cells as Targets.

Xiaohong Ma^1,2, Rong Ma³, Mengzhe Zhang³

¹Department of Neuroscience, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, China.

|March 29, 2023

Summary

Multiple sclerosis (MS) involves immune cells attacking the central nervous system. This review explores how various immune cells contribute to MS and discusses targeted drug therapies for better treatment strategies.

Keywords:

B cells T cells immunotherapy innate immune cells multiple sclerosis

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Area of Science:

Neuroimmunology
Central Nervous System Diseases
Autoimmune Disorders

Background:

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease affecting the central nervous system, characterized by inflammation and demyelination.
Historically, T-cell mediated immunity was considered primary, but recent evidence highlights the significant roles of B cells and innate immune cells.
The precise etiology and pathogenesis of MS remain incompletely understood, necessitating further investigation into immune system involvement.

Purpose of the Study:

To review current research on multiple sclerosis (MS) focusing on the roles of diverse immune cells.
To analyze the mechanisms of action for drugs targeting these specific immune cells.
To identify novel therapeutic targets and strategies for MS treatment by clarifying pathogenesis and immunotherapy pathways.

Main Methods:

Comprehensive literature review of studies investigating immune cell involvement in MS pathogenesis.
Analysis of immunological pathways implicated in MS development and progression.
Examination of current and emerging drug therapies targeting specific immune cell populations in MS.

Main Results:

Detailed introduction to the types and mechanisms of immune cells implicated in MS pathogenesis.
In-depth discussion on the action pathways of drugs targeting various immune cells.
Evidence supporting the critical roles of B cells, microglia, dendritic cells, and macrophages in MS pathology.

Conclusions:

Immune cells beyond T cells, including B cells and innate immune cells, are crucial in MS pathogenesis.
Targeting specific immune cells offers promising therapeutic avenues for MS.
Further research into immune cell mechanisms and drug action pathways is vital for developing effective MS treatments.