Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 5, 2025

Characterization of Electrode Materials for Lithium Ion and Sodium Ion Batteries Using Synchrotron Radiation Techniques
Published on: November 11, 2013
The Effect of Key Electronic States on Excess Lithium Intercalation in Li2RuMn1-O3
Shun Zheng1,2, Ji Li3, Pengfei Yu1
1State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China.
Abstract:
Excess reversible lithium storage is an alternative crucial strategy besides the expansion of redox centers to boost the capacity of layered cathodes. However, the mechanism of excess Li+ intercalation is far from being comprehended, indisputably hindering the development of layered cathodes. Herein, the comparative study of Li2RuMn1-O3 and Li2RuTi1-O3 by X-ray absorption and photoemission spectroscopies attempts to illustrate the origin. The charge transfer from Ru to Mn through TM-O π bonding interaction with the formation of O holes has been revealed in Li2RuMn1-O3, which originates from the inductive effect and the approaching energy level of Mn and Ru bands. The electronic state is thought to reduce the Coulomb repulsion of Li+ with the matrix, promoting excess Li+ intercalation. The results are instructive to the rational design of layered cathodes to achieve a larger reversible capacity in a wide voltage window.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
Electron Configuration of Multielectron Atoms
Trends in Lattice Energy: Ion Size and Charge
Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer
Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
Ladder Diagrams: Redox Equilibria
Consider the Fe3+/Fe2+ half-reaction, which has a standard-state potential of +0.771 V. At potentials more positive than +0.771 V, Fe3+ predominates, whereas Fe2+...
Formation of Complex Ions

