Anatomical Proposal for Botulinum Neurotoxin Injection for Horizontal Forehead Lines.

Area of Science:

• Anatomy
• Cosmetic Procedures
• Neurology

Background:

• The frontalis muscle is a key target for botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) injections to address horizontal forehead wrinkles.
• Inadequate anatomical knowledge of the frontalis muscle's variations can result in adverse effects such as ptosis and "samurai eyebrows."

Purpose of the Study:

• To review anatomical factors influencing BoNT injections into the frontalis muscle.
• To provide updated information on frontalis muscle anatomy for precise injection targeting.
• To recommend optimal injection sites and methods to enhance efficacy and minimize adverse events.

Main Methods:

• Review of current anatomical literature concerning the frontalis muscle.
• Analysis of anatomical variations relevant to BoNT injection.
• Identification of external anatomical landmarks for precise site localization.

Main Results:

• Detailed understanding of frontalis muscle anatomy is crucial for effective BoNT treatment.
• Updated anatomical knowledge facilitates accurate identification of injection points.
• Specific optimal injection sites and methods for the frontalis muscle are proposed.

Conclusions:

• Accurate anatomical understanding and precise injection techniques are essential for successful frontalis muscle BoNT treatments.
• The proposed optimal injection sites and methods aim to improve procedural accuracy and patient outcomes.
• This study provides a basis for safer and more effective cosmetic applications of BoNT in the forehead region.