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Related Concept Videos

Types of Reports III: Telephone and Verbal Reports01:26

Types of Reports III: Telephone and Verbal Reports

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Telephone and Verbal Reports in healthcare settings are two communication methods for conveying therapeutic instructions from healthcare providers to nurses or other healthcare staff.
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Telephone Orders
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The order of magnitude of a number is the power of 10 that most closely approximates it. Thus, the order of magnitude estimates the scale (or size) of its value. To find the order of magnitude of a number, take the base-10 logarithm of the number and round it to the nearest integer. Then the order of magnitude of the number is simply the resulting power of 10.
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According to obedience research, we may harm others under the forceful pressures of an authority figure (Milgram, 1974). How about if the inappropriate orders were delivered with less force? The increasing interdependence between nurses and physicians compelled Hofling and his colleagues to explore nurses’ reactions to a potentially harmful medical request made by the perceived authority figure, the doctor (Hofling, Brotzman, Dalrymple, Graves, & Pierce, 1966). In this situation,...
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Information is everywhere and its presentation—such as how and when items are presented—can impact our perceptions and decisions surrounding the info. This broad concept umbrellas framing effects—influences that occur due to the way information is framed in its appearance, whether it’s purely the order or the specific wording of a message. Let’s take a look at numerous ways in which two versions of something can objectively say the same thing, yet we respond in...
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Rate laws describe the relationship between the rate of a chemical reaction and the concentration of its reactants. In a rate law, the rate constant k and the reaction orders are determined experimentally by observing how the rate of reaction changes as the concentrations of the reactants are changed. A common experimental approach to the determination of rate laws is the method of initial rates. This method involves measuring reaction rates for multiple experimental trials carried out using...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 5, 2025

Setup and Execution Of the Blindfolded Code Training Exercise
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Code Status Orders: Do the Options Matter?

Roma Patel1,2, Amber Comer3, Gregory Pelc4,5

  • 1Indiana University Health, 550 N Capitol Avenue Suite 301, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA. Rpatel21@iuhealth.org.

Journal of General Internal Medicine
|March 29, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Comparing code status orders, a traditional three-option model showed more consensus than a modified four-option model. However, most clinicians preferred the four-option model despite inconsistent results.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Ethics
  • Clinical Decision-Making
  • Healthcare Policy

Background:

  • Code status orders are crucial for urgent medical decisions in hospitalized patients.
  • Inconsistent terminology and treatment options in current orders lead to varied interpretations.
  • Standardizing code status orders can improve clarity and patient care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the consensus and preference between a traditional three-option code status order and a modified four-option order.
  • To evaluate clinician agreement and confidence in decision-making with different code status order formats.
  • To identify potential improvements in code status order systems.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective, randomized, cross-sectional survey was conducted with 549 clinicians at three urban academic hospitals.
  • Participants were presented with six clinical scenarios and randomly assigned to evaluate either a three-option or four-option code status order.
  • Consensus on appropriate code status and interventions was assessed, alongside model preference and confidence levels.

Main Results:

  • The three-option model demonstrated higher consensus in two out of three scenarios for determining appropriate code status.
  • In intervention scenarios, the three-option model showed higher consensus in two instances, while the four-option model showed higher consensus in one.
  • Clinicians using the three-option model reported higher confidence in peer agreement, yet 72% preferred the four-option model.

Conclusions:

  • Neither the three-option nor the four-option code status order model achieved fully consistent results across all scenarios.
  • The traditional three-option model offered greater consistency in decision-making for specific clinical situations.
  • Despite better consistency, the majority of clinicians favored the modified four-option model, suggesting a need for further refinement.