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Area of Science:

  • Child Welfare Studies
  • Racial Disparities in Social Services
  • Child Maltreatment Research

Background:

  • Significant racial disparities exist in child protective services (CPS) involvement.
  • Previous research suggests potential overrepresentation of Black children in CPS reporting.
  • Understanding these disparities requires comparison with broader societal risks and harms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine Black-White and Hispanic-White disparities in child abuse and neglect reporting, substantiation, and out-of-home placement.
  • To compare CPS reporting disparities with disparities in social risk and child harm indicators.
  • To evaluate evidence for overreporting of Black children in the child welfare system.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System (NCANDS) and Census data (2005-2019).
  • Employed descriptive analyses and multivariate models (2007-2017).
  • Compared CPS reporting rates with non-CPS data on child poverty and infant mortality.

Main Results:

  • Black-White CPS reporting disparities were lower than disparities in non-CPS risk and harm benchmarks.
  • Hispanic-White reporting disparities were lower than risk disparities but similar to harm disparities.
  • Black children were less likely to be substantiated or placed in out-of-home care post-report compared to White children; this difference narrowed for Hispanic children in multivariate models.

Conclusions:

  • Findings do not support claims of Black child overreporting relative to observed risks and harms.
  • Disparities in CPS reporting are not solely indicative of system bias but reflect broader societal inequities.
  • Reducing Black child reporting rates necessitates addressing underlying social determinants of maltreatment.